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Может привести к частичной или полной утрате двигательных или чувствительных функций ниже уровня поражения [3](https://lrcmsk.ru/simptomy/travma-spinnogo-mozga-simptomy-vidy-lechenie/). \n\nВыделяют два типа повреждений [5](https://shepherd.org/ru/treatment/conditions/spinal-cord-injury/types-and-levels/): \n1. **Полное** — полная потеря двигательной функции и чувствительности ниже уровня травмы [5](https://shepherd.org/ru/treatment/conditions/spinal-cord-injury/types-and-levels/). \n2. **Неполное** — сохраняется часть двигательных или чувствительных функций [3](https://lrcmsk.ru/simptomy/travma-spinnogo-mozga-simptomy-vidy-lechenie/)[5](https://shepherd.org/ru/treatment/conditions/spinal-cord-injury/types-and-levels/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины повреждений спинного мозга: \n* **Травмы позвоночника** (переломы, ушибы, сдавливания, вывихи) [1](https://yusupovs.com/articles/rehab/travma-spinnogo-mozga/)[3](https://lrcmsk.ru/simptomy/travma-spinnogo-mozga-simptomy-vidy-lechenie/). \n* **Падения с высоты** (ныряние на мелководье, прыжки с эластичной верёвкой) [2](https://www.blagorc.ru/articles/reabilitatsiya-posle-travm-spinnogo-mozga/). \n* **Спортивные травмы** (особенно при контактных видах спорта) [4](https://zdravclinic.ru/stati/travmyi-spinnogo-mozga/). \n* **Насильственные действия** (огнестрельное повреждение, ножевое ранение, взрывные травмы) [2](https://www.blagorc.ru/articles/reabilitatsiya-posle-travm-spinnogo-mozga/). \n* **Неудачно проведённые медицинские манипуляции** (например, хирургическое вмешательство на позвоночнике или эпидуральная анестезия) [4](https://zdravclinic.ru/stati/travmyi-spinnogo-mozga/).\n\n## Симптомы\nПризнаки повреждения спинного мозга зависят от локализации и механизма травмы [11](https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/travma-spinnogo-mozga). Некоторые характерные симптомы: \n* нарушение чувствительности в руках и/или ногах [11](https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/travma-spinnogo-mozga); \n* потеря способности двигаться и передвигаться [11](https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/travma-spinnogo-mozga); \n* снижение или полная утрата рефлексов [11](https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/travma-spinnogo-mozga); \n* дисфункция тазовых органов (отсутствие контроля над мочеиспусканием и дефекацией) [11](https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/travma-spinnogo-mozga); \n* фибриллярные подёргивания в мышцах, спазмы, ослабление мышечной силы, атрофия [11](https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/travma-spinnogo-mozga).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля установления характера, тяжести и точной локализации повреждения проводят: \n* **Неврологическое обследование** [3](https://lrcmsk.ru/simptomy/travma-spinnogo-mozga-simptomy-vidy-lechenie/). Врач оценивает неврологический статус пациента, силу и чувствительность конечностей, контролирует наличие судорог и спастичности [4](https://zdravclinic.ru/stati/travmyi-spinnogo-mozga/). \n* **Инструментальные методы** [4](https://zdravclinic.ru/stati/travmyi-spinnogo-mozga/). Например, рентгенография, МРТ, КТ, миелография (рентгенологическое исследование с введением контрастного вещества) [4](https://zdravclinic.ru/stati/travmyi-spinnogo-mozga/)[11](https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/travma-spinnogo-mozga).\n\n## Лечение\nТактика лечения зависит от уровня повреждения, его тяжести и стабильности [13](https://mc21.ru/articles/povrezhdenie-pozvonochnika/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Консервативное лечение** [4](https://zdravclinic.ru/stati/travmyi-spinnogo-mozga/). Иммобилизация позвоночника с помощью ортезов, фармакотерапия (антибактериальные, противовоспалительные и болеутоляющие препараты), физиотерапия (регулярные упражнения, массаж, электростимуляция и др.) [4](https://zdravclinic.ru/stati/travmyi-spinnogo-mozga/). \n* **Хирургическое лечение** [4](https://zdravclinic.ru/stati/travmyi-spinnogo-mozga/). Например, декомпрессия путём удаления костных фрагментов, сжатия или грыжи диска, которые давят и вызывают повреждения, фиксация позвоночника имплантатами [4](https://zdravclinic.ru/stati/travmyi-spinnogo-mozga/). \n\nВосстановление после таких травм происходит длительно и требует индивидуального подхода к реабилитации и медицинскому наблюдению [4](https://zdravclinic.ru/stati/travmyi-spinnogo-mozga/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://yusupovs.com/articles/rehab/travma-spinnogo-mozga/","shownUrl":"https://yusupovs.com/articles/rehab/travma-spinnogo-mozga/","title":"Травма и повреждение спинного мозга: симптомы и последствия. 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