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Вместо него используют понятия **«специфические расстройства личности»** по МКБ-10, **«диссоциальное расстройство личности»** по МКБ-11 и **«антисоциальное расстройство личности»** по DSM-5 [2](https://VielClinic.ru/articles/diagnostika-i-lechenie-psikhopatii-/). \n\n**Психопатическое расстройство личности** — это комплекс устойчивых нарушений характера и поведения, которые затрагивают эмоциональную сферу, волю, отношения с окружающими и способность к самоконтролю [1](https://xn--e1agfeisn3ap3e.xn--p1ai/articles/psychiatry/psihopaticheskoe-rasstroistvo-lichnosti). Такие расстройства обычно проявляются уже в детстве или подростковом возрасте и сопровождают человека всю жизнь, оказывая влияние на его социальную адаптацию и межличностные связи [1](https://xn--e1agfeisn3ap3e.xn--p1ai/articles/psychiatry/psihopaticheskoe-rasstroistvo-lichnosti).\n\n## Причины\n**Единой причины психопатии не существует** [6](https://rehabfamily.com/articles/psikhopaticheskie-rasstroystva/). Некоторые факторы риска: \n* **Генетическая предрасположенность** — если один из родителей имеет психопатические черты характера, вероятность возникновения расстройства у ребёнка увеличивается [6](https://rehabfamily.com/articles/psikhopaticheskie-rasstroystva/). \n* **Окружающая среда, воспитание** — тяжёлая психотравма, алкоголизм и наркомания в семье, насилие или жестокое обращение в детстве увеличивают риск развития психопатии [6](https://rehabfamily.com/articles/psikhopaticheskie-rasstroystva/). \n* **Биологические факторы** — внутриутробные инфекции, употребление психоактивных веществ во время беременности, родовые травмы [6](https://rehabfamily.com/articles/psikhopaticheskie-rasstroystva/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Некоторые черты психопатического расстройства личности**: \n* **Отсутствие эмпатии** — неспособность к сопереживанию и пониманию чувств других людей [9](https://www.b17.ru/article/739323/). \n* **Эмоциональная поверхностность** — чувства психопатов неглубоки и непродолжительны [9](https://www.b17.ru/article/739323/). \n* **Отсутствие раскаяния и чувства вины** — неспособность испытывать угрызения совести за свои поступки [9](https://www.b17.ru/article/739323/). \n* **Эгоцентричность** — концентрация на собственных интересах и потребностях [9](https://www.b17.ru/article/739323/). \n* **Поведенческие проявления**: патологическая лживость, манипулятивность, импульсивность, склонность к риску, агрессивность [9](https://www.b17.ru/article/739323/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Диагноз психопатического расстройства личности ставит психиатр** на основании клинического интервью, анализа поведения, сбора анамнеза [1](https://xn--e1agfeisn3ap3e.xn--p1ai/articles/psychiatry/psihopaticheskoe-rasstroistvo-lichnosti). Врач исключает другие психические и соматические заболевания, которые могут давать схожие симптомы [1](https://xn--e1agfeisn3ap3e.xn--p1ai/articles/psychiatry/psihopaticheskoe-rasstroistvo-lichnosti). Дополнительно могут назначаться инструментальные и лабораторные исследования [1](https://xn--e1agfeisn3ap3e.xn--p1ai/articles/psychiatry/psihopaticheskoe-rasstroistvo-lichnosti).\n\n## Лечение\n**Лечение психопатии — сложная задача**, поскольку такие пациенты редко признают свою проблему и не склонны к сотрудничеству [1](https://xn--e1agfeisn3ap3e.xn--p1ai/articles/psychiatry/psihopaticheskoe-rasstroistvo-lichnosti). **Основной метод** — **психотерапия**: психоаналитическая, когнитивно-поведенческая, диалектическая, групповая [1](https://xn--e1agfeisn3ap3e.xn--p1ai/articles/psychiatry/psihopaticheskoe-rasstroistvo-lichnosti). **Медикаменты** используются для коррекции отдельных симптомов — тревоги, депрессии, агрессии [1](https://xn--e1agfeisn3ap3e.xn--p1ai/articles/psychiatry/psihopaticheskoe-rasstroistvo-lichnosti). \n\n**Важно**: коррекция расстройств личности наиболее эффективна в детском и подростковом возрасте — до окончания формирования характера [14](https://acd-center.ru/tpost/psihiatriya/psihopatiya/). 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