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и клиновидной пазухе [2](https://ProBolezny.ru/rak-polosti-nosa-i-pazuh/).\n\n## Причины\nТочных причин появления рака полости носа и пазух нет, но выделяют несколько факторов риска [8](https://www.oncology-centr.ru/diseases/onkologicheskie-zabolevaniya-organov-grudnoy-polosti/rak-nosa/): \n* длительное воздействие канцерогенов (например, древесной пыли, паров никеля или соединений хрома) [8](https://www.oncology-centr.ru/diseases/onkologicheskie-zabolevaniya-organov-grudnoy-polosti/rak-nosa/); \n* хронические воспалительные заболевания носа и пазух [8](https://www.oncology-centr.ru/diseases/onkologicheskie-zabolevaniya-organov-grudnoy-polosti/rak-nosa/); \n* наличие полипов в носовой полости [8](https://www.oncology-centr.ru/diseases/onkologicheskie-zabolevaniya-organov-grudnoy-polosti/rak-nosa/); \n* курение, злоупотребление алкоголем [8](https://www.oncology-centr.ru/diseases/onkologicheskie-zabolevaniya-organov-grudnoy-polosti/rak-nosa/). \n\nТакже есть данные, что инфекция, вызванная вирусом папилломы человека (ВПЧ), может способствовать формированию злокачественных новообразований в области носа [8](https://www.oncology-centr.ru/diseases/onkologicheskie-zabolevaniya-organov-grudnoy-polosti/rak-nosa/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНа начальных стадиях рак полости носа и пазух часто развивается бессимптомно [1](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/oncologic/nasal-cavity-cancer)[9](https://www.niioncologii.ru/highlights/organy/opukholi_nosa_i_pridatochnykh_pazukh). Некоторые проявления: \n* заложенность носа, чаще локализованная с одной стороны [8](https://www.oncology-centr.ru/diseases/onkologicheskie-zabolevaniya-organov-grudnoy-polosti/rak-nosa/); \n* кровянистые или гнойные выделения из носовых ходов [8](https://www.oncology-centr.ru/diseases/onkologicheskie-zabolevaniya-organov-grudnoy-polosti/rak-nosa/); \n* болезненность в области носа либо под глазом [8](https://www.oncology-centr.ru/diseases/onkologicheskie-zabolevaniya-organov-grudnoy-polosti/rak-nosa/); \n* снижение или полная потеря обоняния [8](https://www.oncology-centr.ru/diseases/onkologicheskie-zabolevaniya-organov-grudnoy-polosti/rak-nosa/); \n* визуальная деформация формы носа [8](https://www.oncology-centr.ru/diseases/onkologicheskie-zabolevaniya-organov-grudnoy-polosti/rak-nosa/). \n\nНа поздних стадиях появляются характерные клинические особенности, по которым распознают локализацию опухоли [9](https://www.niioncologii.ru/highlights/organy/opukholi_nosa_i_pridatochnykh_pazukh).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля диагностики рака полости носа и придаточных пазух используют: \n* **Риноскопию** — визуальное исследование внутренней поверхности носовых ходов с помощью специального инструмента [10](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-nosa/). \n* **Рентгенографию и компьютерную томографию** — позволяют определить точное расположение опухоли, вовлечённость окружающих тканей и костных структур [10](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-nosa/). \n* **Магнитно-резонансную томографию (МРТ)** — применяется для оценки мягкотканных компонентов и наличия метастазов в соседних анатомических зонах [10](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-nosa/). \n* **Биопсию** — врач берёт образец ткани новообразования, который затем исследуется под микроскопом [10](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-nosa/).\n\n## Лечение\nВыбор тактики лечения зависит от стадии опухолевого процесса, её локализации, гистологического типа, а также общего состояния пациента [10](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-nosa/). 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