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Чаще всего опухоль развивается в околоушной железе, реже — в подъязычной [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-slyunnoy-zhelezy/). \n\n**Некоторые типы рака слюнных желёз**: \n* **Мукоэпидермоидный** — наиболее распространённая злокачественная опухоль слюнных желёз [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-slyunnoy-zhelezy/)[10](https://www.euroonco.ru/oncology/opukholi-golovy-i-shei/rak-slyunnoj-zhelezy). \n* **Аденокистозный** — отличается медленным ростом, но агрессивным течением с распространением на нервные окончания и окружающие ткани [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-slyunnoy-zhelezy/). \n* **Плоскоклеточный** — редкая форма, для которой характерно раннее появление метастазов в регионарных лимфотических узлах [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-slyunnoy-zhelezy/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nТочные причины развития заболевания не установлены [1](https://oncology-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/organy-zhkt/rak-slunnyh-zhelez). Некоторые факторы риска: \n* **Радиационное излучение** (в том числе перенесённая лучевая терапия по поводу других новообразований в области шеи и головы) [1](https://oncology-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/organy-zhkt/rak-slunnyh-zhelez)[8](https://nii-onco.ru/vidy/zlokachestvennye-opuholi-slyunnyh-zhelez/). \n* **Длительное хроническое воспаление** слюнных желёз, вызванное хроническими травмами или онкогенными вирусами [1](https://oncology-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/organy-zhkt/rak-slunnyh-zhelez). \n* **Курение** — чем выше стаж курения, тем более высока вероятность развития хронических заболеваний полости рта и слюнных желёз, в том числе онкологии [1](https://oncology-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/organy-zhkt/rak-slunnyh-zhelez).\n\n## Симптомы\nНа ранних стадиях рак слюнной железы часто развивается без выраженных симптомов [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-slyunnoy-zhelezy/). Некоторые признаки: \n* **Уплотнение или припухлость** в области щеки, подчелюстной области или под языком [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-slyunnoy-zhelezy/). На ранней стадии такой узел обычно безболезненный, но постепенно увеличивается в размерах и становится более твёрдым на ощупь [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-slyunnoy-zhelezy/). \n* **Болезненность, чувство распирания или онемение** в зоне роста опухоли [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-slyunnoy-zhelezy/). Иногда отмечается постоянная тянущая боль, отдающая в ухо или нижнюю челюсть [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-slyunnoy-zhelezy/). \n* **Сухость во рту** — уменьшение слюноотделения при поражении железы, что приводит к затруднениям при разговоре и глотании пищи [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-slyunnoy-zhelezy/). \n* **Дополнительные неспецифические проявления**: снижение аппетита, потеря массы тела, общая слабость [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rak-slyunnoy-zhelezy/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля подтверждения диагноза используют данные осмотра, результаты КТ, МРТ, ПЭТ-КТ и биопсии [3](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/oncologic/salivary-gland-cancer).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение рака слюнной железы зависит от стадии заболевания [9](https://MedAboutMe.ru/zdorove/spravochnik/bolezni/rak_slyunnoy_zhelezy/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Хирургическое вмешательство** — если опухоль не сильно проросла в окружающие ткани, её можно удалить хирургическим путём [10](https://www.euroonco.ru/oncology/opukholi-golovy-i-shei/rak-slyunnoj-zhelezy). \n* **Лучевая терапия** — назначается, когда опухоль не может быть удалена хирургически из-за своей анатомической локализации или при запущенных формах рака [9](https://MedAboutMe.ru/zdorove/spravochnik/bolezni/rak_slyunnoy_zhelezy/). \n* **Химиотерапия** — при неоперабельных раках (при обнаружении отдалённых метастазов печени, лёгких и др.) 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