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йошкар-оле","retina":false,"avatarId":"0","isHermione":false,"isMacOS":false,"tld":"com.tr","isEmbeddedFuturis":false,"isLoggedIn":false,"brand":"yazeka","reqId":"1760147603760493-16911533014539164107-balancer-l7leveler-kubr-yp-sas-7-BAL","device":{"isIOS":false,"platform":"desktop"},"expFlags":{"isFootnoteDetails":true,"isFootnoteRedesignDivided":true,"futurisMultiqueryFlag":true}},"dialogStoreProps":{"baseUrl":"","orderedPairUUID":["Question"],"requestResponsePairs":{"data":{"Question":{"userMessage":"Расстройства поведения: что это?","markdown":"**Расстройства поведения** (РП) — психические расстройства, при которых наблюдаются повторяющиеся и длительные проблемы в виде нарушения социальных норм и основных прав других людей [4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F). Могут возникать у детей, подростков и взрослых [1](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/psikhiatriya/rasstroystva-povedeniya/). \n\nВ Международной классификации болезней МКБ-10 расстройствам поведения выделен специальный шифр F91 [5](https://rehabfamily.com/articles/rasstroystvo-povedeniya/). Выделяют несколько типов расстройства в зависимости от времени его возникновения — до или после десятилетнего возраста [4](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F).\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые факторы, которые способствуют развитию расстройств поведения: \n* **Биологические** — повреждения и заболевания мозга (черепно-мозговые травмы, инфекции), осложнения при беременности и родах [3](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-povedeniya/). \n* **Индивидуальные** — низкий уровень интеллекта, импульсивность и гиперактивность, нарушение внимания и речи [3](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-povedeniya/). \n* **Семейные** — антисоциальное поведение родителей, домашнее насилие, жестокое обращение и строгая дисциплина [3](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-povedeniya/). \n* **Социальные и школьные** — низкий уровень дохода семьи, влияние агрессивных сверстников, отвержение одноклассниками, травля [3](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-povedeniya/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые группы симптомов расстройств поведения: \n* **Агрессивное поведение** — драки, издевательства, жестокость по отношению к другим людям или животным, использование оружия [3](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-povedeniya/). \n* **Деструктивное поведение** — умышленная порча чужой собственности, например с помощью поджога или осквернения [3](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-povedeniya/). \n* **Обманчивое поведение** — неоднократная ложь, кража в магазинах, чужих домах или автомобилях [3](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-povedeniya/). \n* **Нарушение правил** — нарушение общепринятых правил (например, пропуск школы) или поведение, не соответствующее возрасту (например, побег из родительского дома) [3](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-povedeniya/). \n\nВ отличие от обычного непослушания, связанного с возрастными особенностями, симптомы расстройства поведения длятся от 6 месяцев и дольше [3](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-povedeniya/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностикой расстройств поведения занимается психиатр или клинический психолог [1](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/psikhiatriya/rasstroystva-povedeniya/). Для диагностики используют различные методы: интервью, наблюдение, самоотчёты [1](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/psikhiatriya/rasstroystva-povedeniya/). Диагностика должна быть основана на критериях, установленных в Диагностическом и статистическом руководстве по психическим расстройствам (DSM-5) [1](https://semeynaya.ru/directions/psikhiatriya/rasstroystva-povedeniya/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение расстройств поведения может включать: \n* **Психотерапию** — индивидуальную, групповую и комбинированную [6](https://www.OnClinic.ru/rasstroystva-povedeniya/). \n* **Медикаментозную терапию** — её назначает врач, подбирая оптимальную дозировку и сочетание действующих веществ [6](https://www.OnClinic.ru/rasstroystva-povedeniya/). \n* **Семейное консультирование** — работу с родителями, которая помогает улучшить семейный микроклимат [13](https://chastnaya-psihiatricheskaya-klinika-stacionar.ru/diseases/sotsializirovannoye-rasstroystvo-povedeniya). \n\nТактика лечения зависит от возраста пациента или степени тяжести расстройства [2](https://ru.ruwiki.ru/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F). 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