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Симптомы этих состояний проявляются во время сна, а их последствия сказываются на самочувствии и работоспособности человека в период бодрствования [2](https://mriyalife.ru/about/blog/narusheniya-sna-u-vzroslykh/). \n\nДиагностикой и лечением нарушений сна занимается **невролог или сомнолог** (специалист по нарушениям сна) [3](https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/).\n\n\n\n## Виды\nНекоторые виды расстройств сна: \n* **Инсомния (бессонница)** — сложности с засыпанием и/или частые пробуждения, мешающие полноценному сну [2](https://mriyalife.ru/about/blog/narusheniya-sna-u-vzroslykh/)[8](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-sna/). \n* **Нарушения дыхания во сне** — храп и эпизоды остановки дыхания, чаще всего связанные с синдромом обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС) [2](https://mriyalife.ru/about/blog/narusheniya-sna-u-vzroslykh/)[8](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-sna/). \n* **Циркадианные расстройства ритма сна и бодрствования** — смещение биологических часов, из-за которого человек не может заснуть в привычное общественное время [2](https://mriyalife.ru/about/blog/narusheniya-sna-u-vzroslykh/). \n* **Двигательные расстройства во сне** — непреодолимое желание двигать ногами перед сном или во время сна, например, при синдроме беспокойных ног [2](https://mriyalife.ru/about/blog/narusheniya-sna-u-vzroslykh/)[8](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-sna/). \n* **Гиперсомнии** — состояния, при которых наблюдается чрезмерная сонливость, не объясняемая плохим качеством или недостаточным количеством сна (например, нарколепсия и идиопатическая гиперсомния) [2](https://mriyalife.ru/about/blog/narusheniya-sna-u-vzroslykh/)[8](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-sna/). \n* **Парасомнии** — нежелательные явления, сопровождающие засыпание, смену фаз сна или пробуждение: внезапные страхи, крики, движения руками или головой, снохождение, ночные перекусы, скрежетание зубами (бруксизм) и другие проявления [2](https://mriyalife.ru/about/blog/narusheniya-sna-u-vzroslykh/)[8](https://ProBolezny.ru/rasstroystva-sna/).\n\n## Причины\nНарушения сна могут быть вызваны **физиологическими и патологическими факторами** [3](https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/): \n* **Физиологические причины**: переедание перед сном, алкоголь и курение, интенсивная умственная или физическая нагрузка, эмоциональные переживания накануне сна, длительная работа за компьютером или просмотр телевизора, употребление кофеина, дискомфортные условия сна — неудобная кровать, шум, свет, высокая или низкая температура, частая смена часовых поясов [3](https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/). \n* **Патологические причины**: психические расстройства, неврологические заболевания, эндокринные нарушения, ревматологические заболевания, сопровождающиеся болью и дискомфортом, затрудняющие засыпание [3](https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностика включает сбор анамнеза, изучение истории болезни и проведение аппаратных исследований, чаще всего полисомнографии [3](https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/). При необходимости могут назначить ЭЭГ, ЭКГ и другие обследования [3](https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/).\n\n## Лечение\nТерапия зависит от причины расстройства [3](https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/). Для нормализации сна применяются, например: \n* **Медикаментозная терапия** — препараты для улучшения засыпания и поддержания сна [3](https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/). \n* **Корректировка режима сна и бодрствования**, соблюдение гигиены сна [3](https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/). \n* **Психотерапия** при стрессовых и психогенных нарушениях сна [3](https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/). \n* **Физиотерапевтические процедуры** и методы релаксации [3](https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/). \n\n**Самолечение** не рекомендуется — оно может усугубить ситуацию со сном [14](https://medsi.ru/articles/kak-lechit-khronicheskuyu-bessonnitsu/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://doct.ru/diseases/narushenie-sna.html","shownUrl":"https://doct.ru/diseases/narushenie-sna.html","title":"Нарушение сна у взрослых - причины и лечение проблем со сном","shortUrl":"doct.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"doct.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://mriyalife.ru/about/blog/narusheniya-sna-u-vzroslykh/","shownUrl":"https://mriyalife.ru/about/blog/narusheniya-sna-u-vzroslykh/","title":"Нарушения сна у взрослых | причины, диагностика, лечение бессонницы и других расстройств в Mriya Life","shortUrl":"mriyalife.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mriyalife.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/","shownUrl":"https://cmrt.ru/zabolevaniya/golovnogo-mozga/narusheniya-sna/","title":"Нарушения сна, причины, симптомы и лечение | Заболевания головного мозга","shortUrl":"cmrt.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"cmrt.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/simptomy/narushenie-sna/","shownUrl":"https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/simptomy/narushenie-sna/","title":"Нарушение сна – причины расстройства сна у взрослых, признаки, диагностика и лечение | Клиника «Будь Здоров","shortUrl":"klinikabudzdorov.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"klinikabudzdorov.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://fomin-clinic.ru/symptoms/problemy-so-snom/","shownUrl":"https://fomin-clinic.ru/symptoms/problemy-so-snom/","title":"Нарушение сна у взрослых: причины, лечение и что делать, если не можешь уснуть?","shortUrl":"fomin-clinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"fomin-clinic.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/simptomy/narusheniya-sna/","shownUrl":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/simptomy/narusheniya-sna/","title":"Бессонница - причины нарушения сна, симптомы и лечение","shortUrl":"gemotest.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"gemotest.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://volgograd.medsi.ru/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narusheniya-sna/","shownUrl":"https://volgograd.medsi.ru/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/narusheniya-sna/","title":"Нарушения сна. 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