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Селезёнка расположена в верхней левой части брюшной полости, кзади от желудка, на уровне IX–XI рёбер [3](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/traumatology/ruptured-spleen). \n\n**Опасность**: из-за высокой вероятности обильного кровотечения разрыв селезёнки представляет опасность для жизни, требует немедленного оперативного вмешательства [3](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/traumatology/ruptured-spleen).\n\n\n\n## Причины\n**Основная причина** — удар в область под левым ребром или в нижнюю левую часть грудной клетки [1](https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/)[3](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/traumatology/ruptured-spleen). Также разрыв может произойти при высокоэнергетических травмах: падениях с высоты, промышленных, природных, железнодорожных или автодорожных катастрофах [3](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/traumatology/ruptured-spleen). \n\n**Факторы, повышающие вероятность повреждения**: недостаточно прочная тонкая капсула, полнокровие органа и его малая подвижность [3](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/traumatology/ruptured-spleen).\n\n## Симптомы\n**В первые часы после травмы** основной признак — боль в верхней части живота, в области левого подреберья [1](https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/). Иногда боль распространяется в левую половину спины [1](https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/). \n\n**Некоторые другие симптомы**: \n* бледность, холодный пот [1](https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/); \n* головокружение и шум в ушах, резкая слабость [1](https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/); \n* снижение артериального давления и ускорение сердцебиения [1](https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/); \n* приступы рвоты, одышка, нарушение сознания [1](https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/). \n\nВыраженность симптомов зависит от характера воздействия, степени разрыва, наличия или отсутствия повреждений других внутренних органов [1](https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Для диагностики разрыва селезёнки используют**: \n* **Физический осмотр** — врач пальпирует живот, чтобы определить размер селезёнки и наличие болезненной чувствительности [4](https://centrmrt.spb.ru/diagnostikaprichiny-razryva-selezenki). \n* **Анализы крови** — исследуют количество тромбоцитов и отсутствие тромбов [4](https://centrmrt.spb.ru/diagnostikaprichiny-razryva-selezenki). \n* **Обнаружение крови в брюшной полости** — в чрезвычайных ситуациях врач может назначить УЗИ брюшной полости или отобрать образец жидкости из брюшной полости с помощью иглы [4](https://centrmrt.spb.ru/diagnostikaprichiny-razryva-selezenki). \n* **Компьютерную томографию брюшной полости** — если диагноз не ясен, врач может порекомендовать исследование с применением контрастного вещества [4](https://centrmrt.spb.ru/diagnostikaprichiny-razryva-selezenki).\n\n## Лечение\n**В большинстве случаев** разрыв селезёнки — показание к экстренному хирургическому вмешательству [1](https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/). **Классический метод** — полное удаление селезёнки [1](https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/). **При неглубоком единичном повреждении** и отсутствии серьёзных осложнений может проводиться органосохраняющее вмешательство — ушивание раны [1](https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/). \n\n**Иногда** при стабильных гемодинамических показателях может проводиться консервативная терапия: введение гемостатиков, обезболивающих средств, инфузионная терапия [1](https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/). \n\n**При подозрении на разрыв селезёнки необходимо немедленно обратиться за экстренной медицинской помощью** [2](https://cmrt-gatchina.ru/blog/kakovy-simptomy-i-posledstvija-razryva-selezenki/)[5](https://www.humanitashospitals.ru/bolezni/razryv-selezenki/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/","shownUrl":"https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/priznaki_i_meditsinskaya_pomoshch_pri_razryve_selezyenki/","title":"Какие симптомы будут указывать на разрыв селезёнки? 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