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В результате органы и ткани испытывают дефицит кислорода и питательных элементов, что приводит к нарушению их функций [1](https://www.smclinic-ryazan.ru/about/diseases/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/). \n\nВыделяют **острую** и **хроническую сердечную недостаточность** [2](https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/)[7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1): \n- **Острая** — развивается быстро, сопровождается резким ухудшением самочувствия, требует немедленной медицинской помощи [10](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/). \n- **Хроническая** — развивается постепенно, симптомы нарастают медленно, но со временем могут серьёзно ограничивать привычный образ жизни [10](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nПричины сердечной недостаточности связаны с заболеваниями, которые повреждают сердце или увеличивают нагрузку на него [7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1): \n* **Ишемическая болезнь (ИБС)** — сужение коронарных артерий, ограничивающее приток крови к миокарду [7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1). \n* **Инфаркт миокарда** — гибель участка сердечной мышцы из-за прекращения кровоснабжения, из-за чего снижается сократительная способность сердца [7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1). \n* **Артериальная гипертония** — хронически повышенное давление, заставляющее сердце работать с повышенной нагрузкой [7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1). \n* **Пороки сердца** — врождённые или приобретённые дефекты клапанов, нарушающие нормальный кровоток [7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1). \n* **Миокардит** — воспаление миокарда, часто вызванное вирусными или бактериальными инфекциями [7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1). \n* **Кардиомиопатии** — структурные изменения сердечной мышцы, приводящие к снижению её функции [7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1).\n\n## Симптомы\nПризнаки сердечной недостаточности зависят от её стадии, формы и степени поражения сердца [7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1). Некоторые симптомы: \n* **Одышка** — возникает из-за застоя крови в лёгких, сначала при нагрузке, затем в покое [7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1). \n* **Отёки** — чаще на ногах, лодыжках или в области поясницы, вызваны задержкой жидкости [7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1). \n* **Слабость и утомляемость** — особенно в ногах, из-за недостаточного кровоснабжения мышц [7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1). \n* **Сухой кашель** — результат раздражения лёгких застоем крови [7](https://energetic42.ru/blog/serdecnaia-nedostatocnost-priciny-i-lecenie-1). \n* **Учащённое мочеиспускание по ночам** — связано с нарушением кровообращения в почках [10](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри подозрении на сердечную недостаточность необходимо обратиться к кардиологу [4](https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost). Для уточнения диагноза могут назначить: \n* **Электрокардиографию (ЭКГ)** — позволяет выявить аритмии, признаки ишемии миокарда, гипертрофии камер сердца и нарушения проводимости [12](https://kdc5.com/articles/kardiologiya/khronicheskaya-serdechnaya-nedostatochnost-diagnostika-i-lechenie-/). \n* **Эхокардиографию (ЭхоКГ)** — позволяет оценить размеры камер сердца, толщину его стенок, функцию клапанов [12](https://kdc5.com/articles/kardiologiya/khronicheskaya-serdechnaya-nedostatochnost-diagnostika-i-lechenie-/). \n* **Рентгенографию органов грудной клетки** — позволяет оценить размеры сердца (кардиомегалию), выявить признаки лёгочного застоя [12](https://kdc5.com/articles/kardiologiya/khronicheskaya-serdechnaya-nedostatochnost-diagnostika-i-lechenie-/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение сердечной недостаточности направлено на устранение причин и симптомов, улучшение качества жизни пациента [3](https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/kardiologiya-bolezny/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Медикаментозная терапия** — препараты для разгрузки сердца [3](https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/kardiologiya-bolezny/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/). \n* **Хирургическое лечение** — кардиохирургия, имплантация устройств, трансплантация сердца [3](https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/kardiologiya-bolezny/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/). \n* **Коррекция образа жизни** — отказ от курения, алкоголя и кофе, нормализация веса, сбалансированное питание [15](https://www.invitro.ru/library/simptomy/54352/). \n\nВыбор метода лечения определяется врачом в зависимости от причины сердечной недостаточности, степени выраженности симптомов, наличия сопутствующих заболеваний [3](https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/kardiologiya-bolezny/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.smclinic-ryazan.ru/about/diseases/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/","shownUrl":"https://www.smclinic-ryazan.ru/about/diseases/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/","title":"Сердечная недостаточность: причины, симптомы и лечение в «СМ-Клиника» в Рязани","shortUrl":"smclinic-ryazan.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smclinic-ryazan.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/","shownUrl":"https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/","title":"Сердечная недостаточность: причины, симптомы и лечение","shortUrl":"voronezh.sovamed.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"voronezh.sovamed.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/kardiologiya-bolezny/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/","shownUrl":"https://www.gosmed.ru/lechebnaya-deyatelnost/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/kardiologiya-bolezny/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost/","title":"Сердечная недостаточность: симптомы, диагностика, лечение.","shortUrl":"gosmed.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"gosmed.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost","shownUrl":"https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/serdechnaya-nedostatochnost","title":"Сердечная недостаточность - 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