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Суть шизофрении — распад процессов мышления и эмоциональных реакций [1](https://ROSA.clinic/blog/psihiatria/shizofreniya/). \n\n**Особенности**: \n- Болезнь редко бывает в детском возрасте, чаще дебютирует у подростков или позднее — в возрасте 20–30 лет [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/shizofreniya-simptomy-i-3099). \n- Встречается в равной степени у женщин и мужчин [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/shizofreniya-simptomy-i-3099). \n- Полное излечение от шизофрении невозможно, но медикаментозная терапия позволяет сократить число обострений и продлить периоды ремиссии [3](https://www.labstori.ru/book/shizofreniya/).\n\n## Симптомы\nПроявления шизофрении многообразны, зависят от разновидности и фазы болезни [14](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/shizofreniya/). Некоторые симптомы: \n* **Галлюцинации** — зрительные, слуховые, обонятельные и так далее [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/shizofreniya-simptomy-i-3099). \n* **Навязчивые мысли и бредовые идеи** — стойкие убеждения в чём-либо, что не имеет рационального объяснения [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/shizofreniya-simptomy-i-3099). \n* **Дезорганизованное мышление** — бессвязная речь и действия [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/shizofreniya-simptomy-i-3099). \n* **Когнитивные нарушения** — расстройства памяти, внимания, восприятия и эмоций [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/shizofreniya-simptomy-i-3099). \n* **Приступы возбуждения или чрезмерной медлительности и апатии** [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/shizofreniya-simptomy-i-3099).\n\n## Причины\nТочные причины заболевания не установлены [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/shizofreniya-simptomy-i-3099). Считается, что шизофрения возникает при сочетании отягощённой наследственности и неблагоприятных социальных факторов [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/shizofreniya-simptomy-i-3099).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Диагностировать шизофрению может только врач-психиатр** [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/shizofreniya-simptomy-i-3099)[14](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/shizofreniya/). У больного должно проявляться сочетание нескольких симптомов заболевания и данных анамнеза [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/shizofreniya-simptomy-i-3099). \n\n**Специфического теста или анализа** для выявления шизофрении нет [2](https://Megapteka.ru/specials/shizofreniya-simptomy-i-3099). Однако для оценки степени выраженности отдельных симптомов и личностных изменений психиатр может пользоваться специально разработанными шкалами [14](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/shizofreniya/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Лечение шизофрении комплексное** [16](https://mcmk.su/sovremennoe-lechenie-shizofrenii). Оно включает: \n* **Медикаментозную терапию** — антипсихотические лекарственные средства (нейролептики) помогают смягчить острые симптомы во время обострения и предотвратить рецидивы болезни [14](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/shizofreniya/). \n* **Психотерапию** — когнитивно-поведенческую терапию, чтобы научить пациента анализировать свои мысли и чувства, бороться со стрессами, не допуская обострения [13](https://klinikabudzdorov.ru/diseases/shizofreniya/). \n* **Психосоциальную реабилитацию** — позволяет наладить социальные контакты и не давать болезни прогрессировать [16](https://mcmk.su/sovremennoe-lechenie-shizofrenii). \n\n**Важно**: при первых признаках психического расстройства необходимо обратиться к врачу — чем раньше будет установлен верный диагноз, тем больше у человека шансов сохранить мыслительную деятельность и способность к самообслуживанию [16](https://mcmk.su/sovremennoe-lechenie-shizofrenii).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://ROSA.clinic/blog/psihiatria/shizofreniya/","shownUrl":"https://ROSA.clinic/blog/psihiatria/shizofreniya/","title":"Шизофрения - 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