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Вызывается бактерией — **бета-гемолитическим стрептококком группы А** [1](https://helix.ru/kb/item/1736)[2](https://fbuz35.ru/Default.aspx?ig=e7199bd59ec94f3aa6f1e359b4546eb1&&et=3&&mnu=6f262b9a18d547b989b5a21d008df7c9). \n\n**Чаще всего** скарлатина встречается у детей дошкольного и школьного возраста (от 2 до 8 лет) [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/). У взрослых заболевание встречается реже, что объясняется приобретением специфического иммунитета после перенесённого заболевания [2](https://fbuz35.ru/Default.aspx?ig=e7199bd59ec94f3aa6f1e359b4546eb1&&et=3&&mnu=6f262b9a18d547b989b5a21d008df7c9).\n\n\n\n## Причины\n**Основной путь передачи** — воздушно-капельный (при кашле, чихании, разговоре) [2](https://fbuz35.ru/Default.aspx?ig=e7199bd59ec94f3aa6f1e359b4546eb1&&et=3&&mnu=6f262b9a18d547b989b5a21d008df7c9). **Реже** — контактный (через загрязнённые руки, предметы обихода) [2](https://fbuz35.ru/Default.aspx?ig=e7199bd59ec94f3aa6f1e359b4546eb1&&et=3&&mnu=6f262b9a18d547b989b5a21d008df7c9). \n\n**Возбудитель** оседает на слизистой оболочке носоглотки и ротовой полости, где начинает активно размножаться, вызывая местное воспаление [6](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/skarlatina/). В процессе жизнедеятельности стрептококк выделяет токсин, который приводит к острым проявлениям [6](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/skarlatina/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Некоторые симптомы скарлатины**: \n* повышение температуры тела (до 39–40°C) [1](https://helix.ru/kb/item/1736)[3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/); \n* слабость, головная боль [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/); \n* боль при глотании, слизистые зева гиперемированы (красные) [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/); \n* миндалины увеличены, на них присутствует сероватый налёт [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/); \n* мелкоточечная сыпь на фоне красной кожи, обычно распространяется по всему телу и лицу [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/); \n* на лице сыпь не затрагивает носогубный треугольник [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/); \n* к третьему дню болезни язык приобретает ярко-розовый (иногда малиновый) цвет с выраженными сосочками («малиновый язык») [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/). \n\n**Сыпь держится от 3 до 7 дней**, после чего бледнеет и исчезает без следа [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/). Наступает этап шелушения, когда кожа отслаивается чешуйками и пластинами, в основном на руках и ногах [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Диагностикой скарлатины занимается педиатр или инфекционист**, у взрослых — терапевт [6](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/skarlatina/). **Некоторые лабораторные исследования**: \n* общий анализ крови (для определения уровня лейкоцитов и СОЭ) [5](https://mc21.ru/articles/skarlatina-u-detey/); \n* бактериологическое исследование мазка из зева (для выявления стрептококка группы А) [5](https://mc21.ru/articles/skarlatina-u-detey/). \n\n**Вакцины от скарлатины не существует** [6](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/skarlatina/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Если скарлатина протекает в лёгкой форме**, её лечат амбулаторно (на дому) [14](https://citilab.ru/articles/skarlatina/). **При среднетяжёлых и тяжёлых формах** требуется госпитализация в стационар [14](https://citilab.ru/articles/skarlatina/). \n\n**Во время острой фазы** заболевания пациенту назначают постельный режим [14](https://citilab.ru/articles/skarlatina/). **Рацион** должен состоять из мягких и жидких блюд [14](https://citilab.ru/articles/skarlatina/). Нужно регулярно пить тёплые жидкости — нельзя допускать обезвоживания [14](https://citilab.ru/articles/skarlatina/). \n\n**Основу лечения** составляет этиотропная терапия антибиотиками, обычно её проводят в течение 10–14 дней [14](https://citilab.ru/articles/skarlatina/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://helix.ru/kb/item/1736","shownUrl":"https://helix.ru/kb/item/1736","title":"Скарлатина","shortUrl":"helix.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"helix.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://fbuz35.ru/Default.aspx?ig=e7199bd59ec94f3aa6f1e359b4546eb1&&et=3&&mnu=6f262b9a18d547b989b5a21d008df7c9","shownUrl":"https://fbuz35.ru/Default.aspx?ig=e7199bd59ec94f3aa6f1e359b4546eb1&&et=3&&mnu=6f262b9a18d547b989b5a21d008df7c9","title":"ФБУЗ \"Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Вологодской области\"","shortUrl":"fbuz35.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"fbuz35.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/","shownUrl":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/","title":"Скарлатина - причины появления, симптомы заболевания, диагностика и способы лечения","shortUrl":"invitro.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"invitro.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/detskie-bolezni/scarlatina","shownUrl":"https://www.VIDAL.ru/encyclopedia/detskie-bolezni/scarlatina","title":"Скарлатина у детей: симптомы, осложнения, профилактика","shortUrl":"VIDAL.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"VIDAL.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://mc21.ru/articles/skarlatina-u-detey/","shownUrl":"https://mc21.ru/articles/skarlatina-u-detey/","title":"Скарлатина у детей: симптомы и лечение | советы опытных врачей","shortUrl":"mc21.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mc21.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/skarlatina/","shownUrl":"https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/skarlatina/","title":"Скарлатина у детей симптомы и лечение в Москве | «Бест Клиник»","shortUrl":"BestClinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"BestClinic.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/skarlatina","shownUrl":"https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/skarlatina","title":"Скарлатина у взрослых: признаки, симптомы, диагностика, как передается, лечение","shortUrl":"smclinic-spb.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smclinic-spb.ru"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://doct.ru/articles/skarlatina.html","shownUrl":"https://doct.ru/articles/skarlatina.html","title":"Скарлатина: причины, способы инфицирования и лечение заболевания","shortUrl":"doct.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"doct.ru"},{"sourceId":9,"url":"https://yandex.ru/health/turbo/articles?id=4122","shownUrl":"https://yandex.ru/health/turbo/articles?id=4122","title":"Скарлатина у детей: симптомы и лечение, фото, профилактика","shortUrl":"yandex.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"yandex.ru"},{"sourceId":10,"url":"https://www.smdoctor.ru/disease/skarlatina/","shownUrl":"https://www.smdoctor.ru/disease/skarlatina/","title":"Скарлатина у детей - симптомы, признаки и информация о лечении скарлатины в клинике для детей и подростков «СМ-Клиника»","shortUrl":"smdoctor.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smdoctor.ru"},{"sourceId":11,"url":"https://uteka.ru/articles/bolezni/skarlatina/","shownUrl":"https://uteka.ru/articles/bolezni/skarlatina/","title":"Скарлатина: симптомы у детей и взрослых, лечение, профилактика, периоды болезни","shortUrl":"uteka.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"uteka.ru"},{"sourceId":12,"url":"https://pmu.dcli.ru/articles/analiz-na-skarlatinu/","shownUrl":"https://pmu.dcli.ru/articles/analiz-na-skarlatinu/","title":"Анализ на скарлатину","shortUrl":"pmu.dcli.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"pmu.dcli.ru"},{"sourceId":13,"url":"https://rebenok-clinic.ru/zabolevaniya/skarlatina/","shownUrl":"https://rebenok-clinic.ru/zabolevaniya/skarlatina/","title":"Скарлатина у детей — информация для родителей, симптомы и лечение","shortUrl":"rebenok-clinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"rebenok-clinic.ru"},{"sourceId":14,"url":"https://citilab.ru/articles/skarlatina/","shownUrl":"https://citilab.ru/articles/skarlatina/","title":"Скарлатина: симптомы, лечение и профилактика","shortUrl":"citilab.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"citilab.ru"},{"sourceId":15,"url":"https://ProBolezny.ru/skarlatina/","shownUrl":"https://ProBolezny.ru/skarlatina/","title":"Скарлатина: симптомы у детей, возбудитель, инкубационный период, лечение в статье инфекциониста Богачевой О. 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