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Вызывается бактерией — **бета-гемолитическим стрептококком группы А** [1](https://helix.ru/kb/item/1736)[2](https://fbuz35.ru/Default.aspx?ig=e7199bd59ec94f3aa6f1e359b4546eb1&&et=3&&mnu=6f262b9a18d547b989b5a21d008df7c9). \n\n**Чаще всего** скарлатина встречается у детей дошкольного и школьного возраста (от 2 до 8 лет) [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/). У взрослых заболевание встречается реже, что объясняется приобретением специфического иммунитета после перенесённого заболевания [2](https://fbuz35.ru/Default.aspx?ig=e7199bd59ec94f3aa6f1e359b4546eb1&&et=3&&mnu=6f262b9a18d547b989b5a21d008df7c9).\n\n\n\n## Причины\n**Основной путь передачи** — воздушно-капельный (при кашле, чихании, разговоре) [2](https://fbuz35.ru/Default.aspx?ig=e7199bd59ec94f3aa6f1e359b4546eb1&&et=3&&mnu=6f262b9a18d547b989b5a21d008df7c9). **Реже** — контактный (через загрязнённые руки, предметы обихода) [2](https://fbuz35.ru/Default.aspx?ig=e7199bd59ec94f3aa6f1e359b4546eb1&&et=3&&mnu=6f262b9a18d547b989b5a21d008df7c9). \n\n**Возбудитель** оседает на слизистой оболочке носоглотки и ротовой полости, где начинает активно размножаться, вызывая местное воспаление [6](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/skarlatina/). В процессе жизнедеятельности стрептококк выделяет токсин, который приводит к острым проявлениям [6](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/skarlatina/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Некоторые симптомы скарлатины**: \n* повышение температуры тела (до 39–40°C) [1](https://helix.ru/kb/item/1736)[3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/); \n* слабость, головная боль [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/); \n* боль при глотании, слизистые зева гиперемированы (красные) [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/); \n* миндалины увеличены, на них присутствует сероватый налёт [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/); \n* мелкоточечная сыпь на фоне красной кожи, обычно распространяется по всему телу и лицу [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/); \n* на лице сыпь не затрагивает носогубный треугольник [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/); \n* к третьему дню болезни язык приобретает ярко-розовый (иногда малиновый) цвет с выраженными сосочками («малиновый язык») [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/). \n\n**Сыпь держится от 3 до 7 дней**, после чего бледнеет и исчезает без следа [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/). Наступает этап шелушения, когда кожа отслаивается чешуйками и пластинами, в основном на руках и ногах [3](https://www.invitro.ru/library/bolezni/24639/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Диагностикой скарлатины занимается педиатр или инфекционист**, у взрослых — терапевт [6](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/skarlatina/). **Некоторые лабораторные исследования**: \n* общий анализ крови (для определения уровня лейкоцитов и СОЭ) [5](https://mc21.ru/articles/skarlatina-u-detey/); \n* бактериологическое исследование мазка из зева (для выявления стрептококка группы А) [5](https://mc21.ru/articles/skarlatina-u-detey/). \n\n**Вакцины от скарлатины не существует** [6](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/skarlatina/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Если скарлатина протекает в лёгкой форме**, её лечат амбулаторно (на дому) [14](https://citilab.ru/articles/skarlatina/). **При среднетяжёлых и тяжёлых формах** требуется госпитализация в стационар [14](https://citilab.ru/articles/skarlatina/). \n\n**Во время острой фазы** заболевания пациенту назначают постельный режим [14](https://citilab.ru/articles/skarlatina/). **Рацион** должен состоять из мягких и жидких блюд [14](https://citilab.ru/articles/skarlatina/). 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