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Это нарушает передачу нервных импульсов, что приводит к разнообразным симптомам [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/press-centr/articles/chto-takoe-rasseyannyy-skleroz-prostymi-slovami-o-zabolevanii-prichinakh-i-proyavleniyakh/). \n\n**Особенности**: \n- Заболевание обычно начинается в возрасте от 20 до 50 лет [1](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7). \n- Встречается в два раза чаще у женщин, чем у мужчин [1](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7). \n- Течение болезни волнообразное: симптомы могут уменьшиться или исчезнуть (период ремиссии), но спустя некоторое время могут возникнуть вновь [4](https://www.smclinic.ru/press-centr/articles/chto-takoe-rasseyannyy-skleroz-prostymi-slovami-o-zabolevanii-prichinakh-i-proyavleniyakh/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nТочные причины развития рассеянного склероза до конца не изучены [7](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/rasseyannyy_skleroz/). Считается, что заболевание возникает под влиянием различных генетических, экологических и иммунологических факторов [7](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/rasseyannyy_skleroz/). Некоторые из них: \n* **Генетическая предрасположенность** — риск повышается при наличии семейного анамнеза [7](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/rasseyannyy_skleroz/). \n* **Экологические факторы** — заболевание чаще встречается в регионах с умеренным климатом, что связывают с дефицитом витамина D [7](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/rasseyannyy_skleroz/). \n* **Вирусные инфекции** — например, предполагается связь с вирусом Эпштейна-Барр [7](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/rasseyannyy_skleroz/).\n\n## Симптомы\nСимптомы рассеянного склероза зависят от локализации очагов в центральной нервной системе [7](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/rasseyannyy_skleroz/). Некоторые из них: \n* **Двигательные нарушения** — мышечная слабость, повышенная утомляемость, непроизвольное напряжение мышц [7](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/rasseyannyy_skleroz/). \n* **Чувствительные расстройства** — онемение, покалывание или жжение в разных частях тела, чаще в конечностях [7](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/rasseyannyy_skleroz/). \n* **Зрительные нарушения** — снижение остроты зрения, боль при движении глазами, нарушение цветовосприятия [7](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/rasseyannyy_skleroz/). \n* **Дисфункция мочевого пузыря и кишечника** — учащённое мочеиспускание, недержание мочи, запоры [7](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/rasseyannyy_skleroz/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Основной метод инструментальной диагностики** — МРТ головного и спинного мозга [13](https://www.emcmos.ru/programs_and_services/services/rasseyannyy-skleroz/). При этом очаги демиелинизации должны обнаруживаться как минимум в двух разных областях ЦНС [13](https://www.emcmos.ru/programs_and_services/services/rasseyannyy-skleroz/). \n**Дополнительные методы диагностики**: \n* анализ спинномозговой жидкости (выявляет продукты распада миелина, указывает на наличие аутоиммунного воспаления в ЦНС) [13](https://www.emcmos.ru/programs_and_services/services/rasseyannyy-skleroz/); \n* исследование вызванных потенциалов (показывает нарушение проведения нервных импульсов по определённым путям) [13](https://www.emcmos.ru/programs_and_services/services/rasseyannyy-skleroz/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Полностью излечить рассеянный склероз невозможно** [13](https://www.emcmos.ru/programs_and_services/services/rasseyannyy-skleroz/). Современные методы лечения направлены на смягчение воспаления и симптомов, вызванных обострениями, а также на предотвращение дальнейших приступов с помощью лекарств, изменяющих течение заболевания [1](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7). \n\n**Некоторые направления терапии**: \n* **Использование препаратов, изменяющих течение РС (ПИТРС)** — они применяются для предупреждения обострения и замедления прогрессирования заболевания [13](https://www.emcmos.ru/programs_and_services/services/rasseyannyy-skleroz/)[14](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rasseyannyy-skleroz/). \n* **Купирование обострения** — для этого используют глюкокортикоидные гормоны в высоких дозировках или плазмаферез [14](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rasseyannyy-skleroz/). \n* **Симптоматическое лечение** — направлено на коррекцию симптомов, которые ухудшают качество жизни пациента [14](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/rasseyannyy-skleroz/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7","shownUrl":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7","title":"Рассеянный склероз — Википедия","shortUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"ru.wikipedia.org"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://www.rlsnet.ru/library/patient/nevrologiya/rasseyannyi-skleroz-cto-takoe-i-kak-pomoc-77","shownUrl":"https://www.rlsnet.ru/library/patient/nevrologiya/rasseyannyi-skleroz-cto-takoe-i-kak-pomoc-77","title":"Рассеянный склероз: что такое и как помочь?: Заболевания нервной системы","shortUrl":"rlsnet.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"rlsnet.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/rasseyannyy-skleroz/","shownUrl":"https://voronezh.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/rasseyannyy-skleroz/","title":"Рассеянный склероз: причины, симптомы, диагностика и лечение | Клиника «СОВА» Воронеж","shortUrl":"voronezh.sovamed.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"voronezh.sovamed.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://www.smclinic.ru/press-centr/articles/chto-takoe-rasseyannyy-skleroz-prostymi-slovami-o-zabolevanii-prichinakh-i-proyavleniyakh/","shownUrl":"https://www.smclinic.ru/press-centr/articles/chto-takoe-rasseyannyy-skleroz-prostymi-slovami-o-zabolevanii-prichinakh-i-proyavleniyakh/","title":"Рассеянный склероз: что это за болезнь, как проявляется заболевание","shortUrl":"smclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-rasseyannogo-skleroza-5654","shownUrl":"https://Megapteka.ru/specials/lechenie-rasseyannogo-skleroza-5654","title":"Рассеянный склероз: Симптомы у женщин и мужчин, диагностика, лечение","shortUrl":"Megapteka.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"Megapteka.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://celitel05.ru/wiki/nervnye-bolezni/rasseyannyj-skleroz-chto-za-bolezn-pochemu-voznikaet-kak-proyavlyaetsya/","shownUrl":"https://celitel05.ru/wiki/nervnye-bolezni/rasseyannyj-skleroz-chto-za-bolezn-pochemu-voznikaet-kak-proyavlyaetsya/","title":"Рассеянный склероз — что за болезнь, почему возникает, как проявляется — Справочник заболеваний. 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