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Эти сокращения могут быть краткосрочными, острыми, длительными и устойчивыми [1](https://www.invitro.ru/library/simptomy/49465/). \n\nСпазм не является самостоятельным заболеванием, а служит симптомом, который сопровождает различные патологии желудочно-кишечного тракта [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/)[8](https://doct.ru/diseases/kishechnie-koliki.html).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины спазмов кишечника: \n* **Заболевания пищеварительного тракта**: гастрит, язва желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки, панкреатит, дуоденит, болезнь Крона, дивертикулит [3](https://revalgin.ru/useful-information/spazmyi-kishechnika)[4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Инфекции и интоксикации**: вирусные и бактериальные энтериты, острые отравления продуктами питания, гельминтозы, передозировка лекарств [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Хирургические и травматические причины**: послеоперационные спайки, кишечная непроходимость, попадание инородных тел, химические ожоги и травмы кишечника [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Влияние образа жизни**: курение и употребление алкогольных напитков, несбалансированное питание, частый стресс и эмоциональные перегрузки, резкие перепады температуры пищи [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/).\n\n## Симптомы\nОсновной симптом — **сильная схваткообразная боль**, локализующаяся преимущественно в центральной зоне живота [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). Часто пациенты описывают её как крутящую или сдавливающую, возникающую волнообразно [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n\nДополнительные признаки зависят от причины спазма [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/): \n* тошнота, иногда рвота [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/); \n* вздутие живота и метеоризм [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/); \n* изжога и тяжесть после еды [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/); \n* отрыжка воздухом или кислым содержимым [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/); \n* нарушения стула (запор или диарея) [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/); \n* снижение аппетита, общая слабость, потливость [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n\nВ случае инфекционной причины возможны температура, озноб и признаки интоксикации [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля постановки точного диагноза врач-гастроэнтеролог использует комплексный подход [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/): \n* **Сбор анамнеза**: питание, стул, общие жалобы, образ жизни [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Физикальный осмотр**: пальпация, аускультация, проверка на наличие перитонеальных симптомов [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Лабораторные исследования**: общий анализ крови и мочи, анализ кала (включая скрытую кровь и яйца глист), биохимия крови [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n* **Инструментальные методы**: УЗИ органов брюшной полости, рентгенография с контрастом, ФГДС, колоноскопия, ирригоскопия (при необходимости), КТ или МРТ для уточнения диагноза [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/).\n\n## Лечение\nТерапия направлена на устранение первопричины и облегчение симптомов [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). **Чего нельзя делать до постановки диагноза**: принимать обезболивающие и спазмолитики, использовать грелку или разогревающие мази, пить или есть, применять народные средства [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n\n**Медикаментозное лечение** (после диагностики) может включать спазмолитики (по назначению), энтеросорбенты при отравлениях, ферментные препараты (только после рекомендации врача) [4](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/kishechnaya-kolika/). \n\n**Дополнительные методы**: физиотерапия, хирургическое лечение (при непроходимости, опухолях и др.) 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