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В международной классификации МКБ-10 его считают одной из форм бронхита [2](https://rengalin.ru/articles/traheobronhit/)[4](https://tradicii-spb.ru/referrals/pulmonology/trakheobronkhit/). \n\nВыделяют два основных типа трахеобронхита [2](https://rengalin.ru/articles/traheobronhit/): \n1. **Острый** — характеризуется резким началом, кашлем и затруднённым дыханием [2](https://rengalin.ru/articles/traheobronhit/)[4](https://tradicii-spb.ru/referrals/pulmonology/trakheobronkhit/). \n2. **Хронический** — затяжное воспаление дыхательных путей, для этого типа болезни характерно регулярное выделение мокроты [2](https://rengalin.ru/articles/traheobronhit/)[4](https://tradicii-spb.ru/referrals/pulmonology/trakheobronkhit/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nТрахеобронхит возникает на фоне вирусных или бактериальных инфекций, а также под влиянием токсических и аллергических факторов [4](https://tradicii-spb.ru/referrals/pulmonology/trakheobronkhit/). В некоторых случаях заболевание может быть вызвано сочетанием нескольких факторов [4](https://tradicii-spb.ru/referrals/pulmonology/trakheobronkhit/). \n\nНекоторые причины хронического трахеобронхита: \n* курение (табачный дым раздражает слизистую дыхательных путей) [4](https://tradicii-spb.ru/referrals/pulmonology/trakheobronkhit/); \n* загрязнённый воздух (постоянное вдыхание пыли, химических веществ) [4](https://tradicii-spb.ru/referrals/pulmonology/trakheobronkhit/); \n* сниженный иммунитет [4](https://tradicii-spb.ru/referrals/pulmonology/trakheobronkhit/); \n* сопутствующие заболевания (хронический бронхит, эмфизема лёгких, хронический синусит) [4](https://tradicii-spb.ru/referrals/pulmonology/trakheobronkhit/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые симптомы трахеобронхита: \n* сухой или влажный кашель [2](https://rengalin.ru/articles/traheobronhit/)[3](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/trakheobronkhit/); \n* першение в горле [2](https://rengalin.ru/articles/traheobronhit/)[3](https://alldoctors.moscow/articles/spravochnik-zabolevaniy/trakheobronkhit/); \n* ощущение дискомфорта в грудной клетке [2](https://rengalin.ru/articles/traheobronhit/); \n* боль в груди [2](https://rengalin.ru/articles/traheobronhit/); \n* затруднение дыхания [2](https://rengalin.ru/articles/traheobronhit/); \n* хрипота и изменение голоса [2](https://rengalin.ru/articles/traheobronhit/). \n\nЭти симптомы могут усиливаться в ночное время или при физических нагрузках [2](https://rengalin.ru/articles/traheobronhit/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностикой трахеобронхита занимается врач-терапевт или пульмонолог [11](https://www.bronchipret.com/statji/trakheobronkhit). Обычно дополнительных анализов не требуется, диагноз ставят на основе осмотра [10](https://licopid.ru/articles/traheobronhit-chto-takoe/)[11](https://www.bronchipret.com/statji/trakheobronkhit). \n\nДополнительные обследования нужны лишь в двух случаях: если болезнь длится долго или это обострение хронического трахеобронхита [10](https://licopid.ru/articles/traheobronhit-chto-takoe/). Тогда могут назначить: \n* анализ крови [10](https://licopid.ru/articles/traheobronhit-chto-takoe/); \n* рентген лёгких [10](https://licopid.ru/articles/traheobronhit-chto-takoe/); \n* анализы мокроты (бактериологический посев для выявления бактериальной инфекции) [10](https://licopid.ru/articles/traheobronhit-chto-takoe/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение трахеобронхита зависит от причины и тяжести симптомов [2](https://rengalin.ru/articles/traheobronhit/). Некоторые методы терапии: \n* **Обильное тёплое питьё** — помогает разжижать мокроту и облегчает кашель [10](https://licopid.ru/articles/traheobronhit-chto-takoe/). \n* **Постуральный дренаж** — специальный массаж грудной клетки, помогающий мокроте выходить из лёгких [10](https://licopid.ru/articles/traheobronhit-chto-takoe/). \n* **Медикаменты** назначаются по необходимости [10](https://licopid.ru/articles/traheobronhit-chto-takoe/): \n * противокашлевые средства — если кашель сухой и изнуряющий [10](https://licopid.ru/articles/traheobronhit-chto-takoe/); \n * муколитики и отхаркивающие — если мокрота густая и трудно откашливается [10](https://licopid.ru/articles/traheobronhit-chto-takoe/). \n\n**Госпитализация необходима только в тяжёлых случаях**, если у человека есть серьёзные сопутствующие заболевания или развились осложнения хронического трахеобронхита [10](https://licopid.ru/articles/traheobronhit-chto-takoe/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://medcentr-Sochi.ru/terapevt/traheobronhit.html","shownUrl":"https://medcentr-Sochi.ru/terapevt/traheobronhit.html","title":"Трахеобронхит: причины, симптомы и лечение у врача терапевта в МКЦ «Проксима» (г. 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