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Поражение может затрагивать как чувствительные, так и двигательные волокна, а в тяжёлых случаях — обе группы одновременно [3](https://mc-liberty.ru/zabolevaniya/povrezhdenie-nerva/). \n\nПри подозрении на повреждение нерва необходимо срочно обратиться к специалисту: **неврологу** — для диагностики степени повреждения нервных волокон, назначения медикаментозной терапии и физиотерапии, **нейрохирургу** — при необходимости хирургического лечения сложных повреждений нервной системы [2](https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины повреждения нерва: \n* **Травмы и механические повреждения** — переломы, ушибы, растяжения, компрессия [2](https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/). \n* **Операционные вмешательства** — повреждение нерва при хирургических манипуляциях [2](https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/). \n* **Длительное сдавливание нерва** — туннельные синдромы (карпальный, локтевой, седалищный) [2](https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/). \n* **Инфекционные заболевания** — герпес, сифилис, ВИЧ, болезнь Лайма [2](https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/). \n* **Аутоиммунные заболевания** — рассеянный склероз, синдром Гийена-Барре [2](https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/). \n* **Дефицит витаминов** B1, B6, B12, E — нарушает проводимость нервных импульсов [2](https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/). \n* **Токсическое воздействие** — алкоголь, тяжёлые металлы, лекарственные препараты [2](https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/).\n\n## Симптомы\nПроявления повреждения нерва зависят от функционального назначения прерванного нервного волокна [1](https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/povrezhdenie-nerva). Это могут быть сенсорные, двигательные или смешанные нарушения [1](https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/povrezhdenie-nerva). Например: \n* **Поражение локтевого нерва** — нарушение подвижности пальцев, ослабление мышц кисти [1](https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/povrezhdenie-nerva). \n* **Разрыв малоберцового нерва** — неподвижность мышц-разгибателей стопы, онемение её тыла и наружной поверхности голени [1](https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/povrezhdenie-nerva). \n\nОтличительная особенность — проявление признаков травмы ниже места повреждения [5](https://chekhovsc.ru/povrezhdenie-nerva).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля постановки диагноза используют следующие методы: \n* **Осмотр невролога** — оценка чувствительности, рефлексов, силы мышц [2](https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/). \n* **Электронейромиография (ЭНМГ)** — определение степени поражения нерва [2](https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/)[3](https://mc-liberty.ru/zabolevaniya/povrezhdenie-nerva/). \n* **МРТ или КТ** — визуализация повреждённого нерва и окружающих тканей [2](https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/). \n* **Анализы крови** — выявление дефицита витаминов, воспалительных или аутоиммунных процессов [2](https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение повреждения нерва может быть: \n* **Консервативным** — направлена на создание оптимальных условий для скорейшей регенерации нервных волокон [11](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_neurology/peripheral-nerve-injury). В остром периоде показана иммобилизация [11](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_neurology/peripheral-nerve-injury). \n* **Хирургическим** — применяется при тяжёлых травмах или стойкой компрессии [3](https://mc-liberty.ru/zabolevaniya/povrezhdenie-nerva/). Некоторые виды реконструктивных операций: шов нерва, невролиз, межпучковая пластика нерва [11](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_neurology/peripheral-nerve-injury). \n\n**Самолечение недопустимо** — только квалифицированный невролог сможет поставить диагноз и объяснить, как именно следует лечить патологию [1](https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/povrezhdenie-nerva).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/povrezhdenie-nerva","shownUrl":"https://mrtpetrograd.ru/stati/zabolevaniya/povrezhdenie-nerva","title":"Повреждение нерва ЦНС – какие бывают, как диагностировать и лечить","shortUrl":"mrtpetrograd.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mrtpetrograd.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/","shownUrl":"https://zdravclinic.ru/bolezni/povrezhdenie-nerva/","title":"Повреждение нерва: диагностика и лечение в Москве","shortUrl":"zdravclinic.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"zdravclinic.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://mc-liberty.ru/zabolevaniya/povrezhdenie-nerva/","shownUrl":"https://mc-liberty.ru/zabolevaniya/povrezhdenie-nerva/","title":"Повреждение нерва: причины, симптомы, диагностика, лечение, МКБ","shortUrl":"mc-liberty.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mc-liberty.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://paininstitute.ru/diseases/povrezhdenie-nerva/","shownUrl":"https://paininstitute.ru/diseases/povrezhdenie-nerva/","title":"Повреждение нерва – лечение при травме нерва в Институте лечения боли в Москве и Ростове-на-Дону","shortUrl":"paininstitute.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"paininstitute.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://chekhovsc.ru/povrezhdenie-nerva","shownUrl":"https://chekhovsc.ru/povrezhdenie-nerva","title":"Повреждение нерва симптомы и лечение, причины","shortUrl":"chekhovsc.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"chekhovsc.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://www.Renewal.ru/voprosy-zdorovya/nevropatiya-neyropatiya-prichiny-simptomy-i-lechenie/","shownUrl":"https://www.Renewal.ru/voprosy-zdorovya/nevropatiya-neyropatiya-prichiny-simptomy-i-lechenie/","title":"Невропатия (нейропатия): виды, причины, симптомы и современные подходы к лечению","shortUrl":"Renewal.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"Renewal.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/neyropatiya-nevropatiya/","shownUrl":"https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/neyropatiya-nevropatiya/","title":"Нейропатия (невропатия) — что это такое, как лечить, симптомы","shortUrl":"gemotest.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"gemotest.ru"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://yantarbereg.ru/therapy/programs/virusi/zabolevaniya-i-travmy-perifericheskih-nervov/","shownUrl":"https://yantarbereg.ru/therapy/programs/virusi/zabolevaniya-i-travmy-perifericheskih-nervov/","title":"Заболевания и травмы периферических нервов: причины, симптомы и реабилитация в санатории «Янтарный берег»","shortUrl":"yantarbereg.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"yantarbereg.ru"},{"sourceId":9,"url":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/simptomy/50129/","shownUrl":"https://www.invitro.ru/library/simptomy/50129/","title":"Защемление нерва - 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