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Это проявляется в повышенной кровоточивости разной степени тяжести [2](https://www.primamedica.ru/articles/gematolog/trombocitopatii/). \n\nТромбоцитопатии делятся на [2](https://www.primamedica.ru/articles/gematolog/trombocitopatii/): \n* **Наследственные** — существуют с рождения, возникли из-за генетических особенностей [2](https://www.primamedica.ru/articles/gematolog/trombocitopatii/). \n* **Приобретённые** — возникли в результате патологических процессов в организме, затрагивающих сами тромбоциты или других участников гемостаза [2](https://www.primamedica.ru/articles/gematolog/trombocitopatii/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины тромбоцитопатий: \n* **Дефекты генов**, кодирующих факторы, участвующие в обеспечении тромбоцитарно-сосудистого гемостаза [6](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/children/thrombocytopathy). \n* **Приём тромбоцитоактивных лекарственных препаратов** (аспирина, пенициллинов, антикоагулянтов и др.) [6](https://www.KrasotaiMedicina.ru/diseases/children/thrombocytopathy). \n* **Заболевания** (почечная недостаточность, цирроз печени, глубокий дефицит витамина В-12, цинга) [2](https://www.primamedica.ru/articles/gematolog/trombocitopatii/). \n* **Приём некоторых гематологических заболеваний** [2](https://www.primamedica.ru/articles/gematolog/trombocitopatii/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые проявления тромбоцитопатии: \n* кровоизлияния под кожей и слизистыми оболочками даже после незначительных травм [1](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/trombotsitopatiya/); \n* интенсивные кровотечения сразу после травм [1](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/trombotsitopatiya/); \n* обильные менструации [1](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/trombotsitopatiya/); \n* примесь крови в моче и кале [1](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/trombotsitopatiya/); \n* рвота с кровью [1](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/trombotsitopatiya/). \n\nУ некоторых пациентов на фоне тромбоцитопатии развивается анемия (малокровие) и анемический синдром (слабость, головокружения, обморочные состояния) [1](https://BestClinic.ru/diseases/trombotsitopatiya/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля диагностики тромбоцитопатии проводят: \n* **Сбор анамнеза** и анализ родословной с выявлением проявлений повышенной кровоточивости у родственников [10](https://mkgtu.ru/vikon/sveden/files/Uchebno-metodicheskie_rekomendacii_po_discipline_Gematologiya_detskogo_vozrasta_dlya_studentov_pediatricheskogo_fakulyteta._Trombocitopatii_u_detey.pdf)[11](https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/trombotsitopatii). \n* **Пробы на резистентность капилляров**: проба щипка, жгута, осмотр мест инъекций [10](https://mkgtu.ru/vikon/sveden/files/Uchebno-metodicheskie_rekomendacii_po_discipline_Gematologiya_detskogo_vozrasta_dlya_studentov_pediatricheskogo_fakulyteta._Trombocitopatii_u_detey.pdf). \n* **Определение длительности кровотечения** — по Дьюку (из мочки уха — предпочтительнее) [10](https://mkgtu.ru/vikon/sveden/files/Uchebno-metodicheskie_rekomendacii_po_discipline_Gematologiya_detskogo_vozrasta_dlya_studentov_pediatricheskogo_fakulyteta._Trombocitopatii_u_detey.pdf). \n* **Изучение морфологических свойств тромбоцитов** (размеров тромбоцитов) — в мазке крови [10](https://mkgtu.ru/vikon/sveden/files/Uchebno-metodicheskie_rekomendacii_po_discipline_Gematologiya_detskogo_vozrasta_dlya_studentov_pediatricheskogo_fakulyteta._Trombocitopatii_u_detey.pdf). \n* **Исследование функциональной активности тромбоцитов**: определение адгезивной способности тромбоцитов к стеклу, коллагену, агрегационной способности тромбоцитов с АДФ, коллагеном и др. [10](https://mkgtu.ru/vikon/sveden/files/Uchebno-metodicheskie_rekomendacii_po_discipline_Gematologiya_detskogo_vozrasta_dlya_studentov_pediatricheskogo_fakulyteta._Trombocitopatii_u_detey.pdf).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение тромбоцитопатий направлено на **купирование кровотечений** или их предупреждение (например, перед родами или хирургическим вмешательством) [3](https://blood.ru/about/novosti/trombotsitopatiya-pochemu-ona-voznikaet-i-kak-s-ney-zhit-/). Некоторые методы: \n* **При лёгких или умеренных проявлениях кровоточивости** — таблетированные формы лекарственных препаратов в домашних условиях, но только по назначению врача [3](https://blood.ru/about/novosti/trombotsitopatiya-pochemu-ona-voznikaet-i-kak-s-ney-zhit-/). \n* **При серьёзных кровотечениях** — госпитализация и проведение переливаний компонентов крови, в том числе концентрата тромбоцитов, а также специальных внутривенных гемостатических препаратов [3](https://blood.ru/about/novosti/trombotsitopatiya-pochemu-ona-voznikaet-i-kak-s-ney-zhit-/). \n* **При крайне тяжёлых формах наследственных тромбоцитопатий** — трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток [3](https://blood.ru/about/novosti/trombotsitopatiya-pochemu-ona-voznikaet-i-kak-s-ney-zhit-/). \n\n**Предупредить развитие тромбоцитопатии невозможно**, но можно свести к минимуму риск развития кровотечений, если заболевание уже диагностировано 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