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Может быть острым или хроническим [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/): \n- **Острый цистит** — развивается быстро, с яркими симптомами [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/). \n- **Хронический цистит** — протекает с периодическими обострениями [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/). \n\nЦистит встречается у женщин и мужчин, но из-за особенностей анатомии чаще диагностируется у женщин — у них мочеиспускательный канал короче и шире, поэтому инфекции легче проникнуть в мочевой пузырь [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nЦистит развивается под воздействием различных факторов, которые можно разделить на две основные группы [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/): \n1. **Инфекционный цистит** — воспаление вызывают бактерии (кишечная палочка, стафилококк), вирусы или грибок [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/). Инфекции развиваются под действием провоцирующих факторов: переохлаждения, незащищённого секса, отсутствия гигиены, пониженного иммунитета, хронических заболеваний [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/). \n2. **Неинфекционный цистит** — воспаление может развиться и без участия микроорганизмов, как правило, из-за раздражения мочевого пузыря [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/). Некоторые причины: механические повреждения (мочевые катетеры, камни в мочевом пузыре, инородные тела), химические вещества (агрессивные гигиенические средства, некоторые лекарства), лучевая терапия при лечении онкологических заболеваний органов малого таза, аллергия на средства гигиены, презервативы, средства для ванны [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/).\n\n## Симптомы\nСимптомы цистита зависят от формы заболевания, степени воспаления и наличия осложнений [2](https://www.synex.ru/blog/tsistit-prichiny-simptomy-metody-diagnostiki-i-lechenie-zabolevaniya/). Некоторые признаки: \n* **Частое мочеиспускание** — учащённые позывы, в том числе ночью (никтурия) [2](https://www.synex.ru/blog/tsistit-prichiny-simptomy-metody-diagnostiki-i-lechenie-zabolevaniya/)[11](https://avromed.ru/news/tsistit/). \n* **Боль и дискомфорт** — жжение и резь при мочеиспускании, особенно в конце процесса, тянущая или ноющая боль внизу живота [2](https://www.synex.ru/blog/tsistit-prichiny-simptomy-metody-diagnostiki-i-lechenie-zabolevaniya/). \n* **Изменение мочи** — моча становится мутной, с неприятным запахом, возможны примеси крови (гематурия) и осадок [2](https://www.synex.ru/blog/tsistit-prichiny-simptomy-metody-diagnostiki-i-lechenie-zabolevaniya/). \n* **Общее состояние** — лёгкое повышение температуры (до 37,5 °C), слабость, утомляемость [2](https://www.synex.ru/blog/tsistit-prichiny-simptomy-metody-diagnostiki-i-lechenie-zabolevaniya/). \n* **Ощущение неполного опорожнения** — после мочеиспускания остаётся чувство наполненности мочевого пузыря [2](https://www.synex.ru/blog/tsistit-prichiny-simptomy-metody-diagnostiki-i-lechenie-zabolevaniya/).\n\n## Диагностика\nПри подозрении на цистит врач проводит комплексное обследование [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/). Некоторые методы диагностики: \n* **Общий анализ мочи** — выявляет признаки воспаления: повышенные лейкоциты, эритроциты, бактерии и белок [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/). \n* **Бактериологический посев мочи** — определяет конкретного возбудителя инфекции и его чувствительность к антибиотикам [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/). \n* **Анализ мочи по Нечипоренко** — уточняет степень воспаления, его назначают, если общий анализ показал сомнительные результаты [3](https://vitaexpress.ru/articles/cistit/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение цистита должно быть комплексным и индивидуально подобранным — с учётом формы заболевания, степени выраженности симптомов и наличия сопутствующих патологий [11](https://avromed.ru/news/tsistit/). Некоторые направления терапии: \n* **Антибактериальная терапия** — приём антибиотиков, препарат выбирают с учётом выделенного возбудителя или с широким спектром действия [12](https://polyclin.ru/articles/kak-izbavitsya-ot-cistita/). 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