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При этом пациент сохраняет определённую способность слышать, пусть и в ограниченном диапазоне [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/tugoukhost/). Это отличие от полной глухоты, когда слуховая функция полностью утрачивается [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/tugoukhost/). \n\nВыделяют разные виды тугоухости, например: \n* **Кондуктивная** — вызвана затруднением проведения звуковых колебаний по звукопроводящим структурам наружного и среднего уха [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/). \n* **Нейросенсорная** — развивается при поражении звукопринимающего аппарата органа слуха: элементов внутреннего уха, слухового нерва или клеток головного мозга, отвечающих за распознавание звуков [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/). \n* **Смешанная** — сочетает признаки кондуктивной и нейросенсорной тугоухости [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nЗаболевание может развиваться под влиянием разных факторов — врождённых, инфекционных, травматических, сосудистых, токсических, возрастных [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/). Иногда снижение слуха возникает внезапно, но чаще формируется постепенно, в течение нескольких месяцев или лет [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Основной признак** — снижение слуха [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/). В зависимости от формы и стадии нарушения проявления могут различаться [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/). Некоторые симптомы: \n* ощущение, что собеседники «говорят невнятно» [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/); \n* ощущение заложенности уха [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/); \n* необходимость усиливать громкость телевизора, просить собеседника повторить сказанное [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/); \n* затруднение восприятия речи в шумной обстановке [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/); \n* шум в ушах (тиннитус) [1](https://mc21.ru/articles/tugoukhost/)[3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/); \n* головокружение — при поражении вестибулярного аппарата, что особенно характерно для нейросенсорной формы [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/); \n* у детей — задержка речевого развития, слабая реакция на звуки, трудности в обучении [3](https://fnkc-fmba.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Первичную диагностику** проводит ЛОР-врач (оториноларинголог) — проводит речевую аудиометрию (определяет слышимость разговорной и шепотной речи) [11](https://rgnkc.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/). \n\n**Инструментальные исследования**: \n* **Камертональные пробы** — используют специальное оборудование — камертоны, которые могут производить звуки разной частоты [11](https://rgnkc.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/). Оценивают костную и воздушную проводимость, что помогает определиться с причиной снижения слуха [11](https://rgnkc.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/). \n* **Тональная пороговая аудиометрия** — проводится с помощью специального прибора, генерирующего чистые тоны [11](https://rgnkc.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/). Пациент сообщает, когда начинает слышать самые слабые звуки (порог слышимости) [11](https://rgnkc.ru/zabolevaniya/tugoukhost/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Лечение тугоухости зависит от вида заболевания** [2](https://ufa.medsi.ru/articles/tugouxost/). Например: \n* **При кондуктивной тугоухости** — оперативное вмешательство [2](https://ufa.medsi.ru/articles/tugouxost/). При противопоказаниях к операции возможно слухопротезирование [2](https://ufa.medsi.ru/articles/tugouxost/). \n* **При нейросенсорной тугоухости** — медикаментозные методы лечения, физиотерапевтические процедуры, электростимуляция [8](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/pro-zdorovie/tugoukhost5f322c4907642248c30f7b13/). 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