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Характеризуется появлением характерной сыпи, зудом и повышенной температурой [5](https://www.rigla.ru/about/news/2025/vetryanaya-ospa). \n\n**Чаще всего** ветрянкой болеют дети, но если человек не болел в детстве, он может заболеть и взрослым, при этом болезнь протекает, как правило, тяжело [1](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/vetryanaya_ospa/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nВозбудитель — **вирус варицелла-зостер** (вирус герпеса человека III типа) [2](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/chickenpox)[7](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/vetryanka-virus-varitsella-zoster/). \n\n**Пути передачи**: \n* по воздуху при кашле или чихании инфицированного больного, в воздух попадают капли, содержащие частицы вируса [2](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/chickenpox); \n* при непосредственном контакте с жидким содержимым пузырьков сыпи или выделениями из дыхательных путей больного [2](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/chickenpox). \n\n**Больной становится заразным** за 1–2 дня до появления сыпи и перестаёт быть заразным, когда все пузырьки покрываются корочкой [2](https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/chickenpox).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Некоторые симптомы ветряной оспы**: \n* повышение температуры тела до 38–39 °C [11](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/vetryanka-u-detej/); \n* общее недомогание: вялость, раздражительность, снижение аппетита, утомляемость [11](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/vetryanka-u-detej/); \n* сыпь: начинается с небольших красных пятен, которые через несколько часов превращаются в пузырьки, наполненные прозрачной жидкостью [11](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/vetryanka-u-detej/); \n* высыпания появляются волнообразно — каждые 1–2 дня [11](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/vetryanka-u-detej/). \n\n**Особенности**: \n* Сыпь может поражать слизистые рта, половых органов и даже глаза [3](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/vetryanka-u-vzroslykh/). \n* При правильном уходе (без сдирания корочек) рубцы не образуются [3](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/vetryanka-u-vzroslykh/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Диагностика ветряной оспы обычно основывается на клинических проявлениях** и не требует сложных лабораторных исследований [17](https://rskrf.ru/tips/eksperty-obyasnyayut/chto-takoe-vetryanka-pervye-priznaki-simptomy-i-techenie-bolezni/). **Некоторые этапы диагностики**: \n* сбор анамнеза: врач расспрашивает пациента о симптомах, их начале и продолжительности [17](https://rskrf.ru/tips/eksperty-obyasnyayut/chto-takoe-vetryanka-pervye-priznaki-simptomy-i-techenie-bolezni/); \n* клинический осмотр и оценка сопутствующих симптомов [17](https://rskrf.ru/tips/eksperty-obyasnyayut/chto-takoe-vetryanka-pervye-priznaki-simptomy-i-techenie-bolezni/); \n* лабораторные тесты (при необходимости) для подтверждения диагноза: серологические тесты для определения антител к вирусу Varicella Zoster, полимеразная цепная реакция (ПЦР) для выявления вируса в образцах кожи или других жидкостей [17](https://rskrf.ru/tips/eksperty-obyasnyayut/chto-takoe-vetryanka-pervye-priznaki-simptomy-i-techenie-bolezni/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Лечение ветряной оспы в основном симптоматическое**, так как заболевание в большинстве случаев проходит самостоятельно [17](https://rskrf.ru/tips/eksperty-obyasnyayut/chto-takoe-vetryanka-pervye-priznaki-simptomy-i-techenie-bolezni/). **Однако необходимо облегчить симптомы и предотвратить осложнения** [17](https://rskrf.ru/tips/eksperty-obyasnyayut/chto-takoe-vetryanka-pervye-priznaki-simptomy-i-techenie-bolezni/). **Некоторые методы лечения**: \n* **Обезболивание и снижение температуры** — применяют жаропонижающие препараты [17](https://rskrf.ru/tips/eksperty-obyasnyayut/chto-takoe-vetryanka-pervye-priznaki-simptomy-i-techenie-bolezni/). \n* **Облегчение зуда и лечение сыпи** — назначают антигистаминные препараты [17](https://rskrf.ru/tips/eksperty-obyasnyayut/chto-takoe-vetryanka-pervye-priznaki-simptomy-i-techenie-bolezni/). \n* **Противовирусные препараты** — при длительности лихорадки более пяти дней и тяжёлом течении болезни (высокая температура, затруднённое дыхание, сильная головная боль) врач назначает противовирусные препараты, особенно если пациент с ослабленной иммунной системой [17](https://rskrf.ru/tips/eksperty-obyasnyayut/chto-takoe-vetryanka-pervye-priznaki-simptomy-i-techenie-bolezni/). \n\n**Самолечение недопустимо** — неправильная обработка сыпи может привести к рубцам, а отказ от терапии — к поражению внутренних органов [3](https://lit-clinic.ru/diseases/vetryanka-u-vzroslykh/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/vetryanaya_ospa/","shownUrl":"https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/vetryanaya_ospa/","title":"Ветрянка у детей и взрослых. 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