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Проявляется в виде замедленного развития речи, частичного или полного её отсутствия [3](https://niidpo.ru/blog/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya-u-detej-prichiny-priznaki-i-vidy). \n\n**ЗРР не является самостоятельным заболеванием**, а представляет собой симптом, вызванный различными причинами [1](https://rc.mc21.ru/articles/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya-zrr-u-detey/)[12](https://www.eyetracking.care/informatsiya/stati/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya/).\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые факторы, которые могут спровоцировать задержку: \n* **Органические причины**: патологии центральной нервной системы (ДЦП, травмы головного мозга), нарушения слуха, проблемы с артикуляционным аппаратом [3](https://niidpo.ru/blog/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya-u-detej-prichiny-priznaki-i-vidy)[6](https://proatlant.ru/zaderzhka-rechi-zrr). \n* **Психологические и педагогические причины**: недостаток речевого стимула (пренебрежение со стороны взрослых), пребывание в неблагоприятной речевой среде, психологические травмы и стрессы [6](https://proatlant.ru/zaderzhka-rechi-zrr). \n* **Генетические и наследственные факторы**: семейная предрасположенность, генетические синдромы (например, синдром Дауна, синдром Ретта) [6](https://proatlant.ru/zaderzhka-rechi-zrr). \n\nЧасто задержка речи — результат сочетания нескольких факторов [6](https://proatlant.ru/zaderzhka-rechi-zrr).\n\n## Симптомы\nСимптоматика ЗРР зависит от возраста ребёнка [12](https://www.eyetracking.care/informatsiya/stati/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya/): \n* **До 1 года** — отсутствие лепета, гуления, реакции на собственное имя [12](https://www.eyetracking.care/informatsiya/stati/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya/). \n* **1–2 года** — неумение говорить простые слова, выполнять простые просьбы [12](https://www.eyetracking.care/informatsiya/stati/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya/). \n* **2–3 года** — «глотание» окончаний слов, перепутывание звуков, неумение строить фразы из 2–3 слов [12](https://www.eyetracking.care/informatsiya/stati/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya/). \n* **После 3 лет** — замена слов жестами, неразборчивая речь [12](https://www.eyetracking.care/informatsiya/stati/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya/). \n\n**Важно**: каждый ребёнок развивается индивидуально, и наличие отдельных симптомов не всегда означает задержку [1](https://rc.mc21.ru/articles/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya-zrr-u-detey/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДля диагностики ЗРР проводится комплексное обследование ребёнка группой специалистов: педиатром, ЛОРом, детским неврологом, логопедом, детским психологом [12](https://www.eyetracking.care/informatsiya/stati/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya/). Некоторые процедуры: \n* **Сбор анамнеза** — беседа с родителями о течении беременности и родов, наличии наследственных факторов, раннем развитии ребёнка, перенесённых болезнях [12](https://www.eyetracking.care/informatsiya/stati/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya/). \n* **Неврологическое обследование** — оценка двигательного развития, координации движений, мышечного тонуса, рефлексов [12](https://www.eyetracking.care/informatsiya/stati/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya/). \n* **Логопедическое обследование** — оценка уровня развития речи с помощью тестов и заданий, анализа речевых образцов, наблюдения за спонтанной речью [12](https://www.eyetracking.care/informatsiya/stati/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya/).\n\n## Лечение\nМетоды лечения и коррекции зависят от причин патологии, возраста пациента и степени тяжести проблемы [12](https://www.eyetracking.care/informatsiya/stati/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya/). Некоторые методы: \n* **Логопедическая коррекция** — артикуляционная гимнастика, дыхательные упражнения, развитие фонематического слуха, пальчиковые игры [16](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya-zrr-u-detey/). \n* **Аппаратные методы** — томатис-терапия (аудиотренировки для улучшения восприятия звуков), БАК (биоакустическая коррекция) [16](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya-zrr-u-detey/). \n* **Психологическая помощь** — игровая терапия для развития коммуникативных навыков, семейное консультирование [16](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya-zrr-u-detey/). \n\n**Курс лечения** обычно составляет 3–6 месяцев с периодичностью занятий 2–3 раза в неделю [16](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/zaderzhka-rechevogo-razvitiya-zrr-u-detey/). 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