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В медицинской литературе также употребляется термин «холелитиаз» [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/). \n\n**По локализации** выделяют: \n- **Внутрипузырную форму** — когда камни находятся только в полости жёлчного пузыря [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/). \n- **Внепузырную форму** — если камни перемещаются в жёлчные протоки (например, в общий жёлчный проток — холедох) [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/). Эта форма сопровождается более выраженными симптомами и повышенным риском осложнений [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины ЖКБ: \n* **Нарушение состава желчи** — при избыточном содержании холестерина или билирубина желчь теряет устойчивость, и её компоненты начинают выпадать в осадок [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/). \n* **Застой желчи** — это происходит при недостаточной подвижности жёлчного пузыря (например, у малоподвижных людей, особенно при ожирении), при беременности, а также на фоне хронических заболеваний печени и желчевыводящих путей [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/). \n* **Наследственная предрасположенность** — у некоторых пациентов склонность к камнеобразованию обусловлена генетически [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Основной признак** — боль в правом подреберье, которая часто провоцируется приёмом высококалорийной, жирной пищи или обильным застольем [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/). Характер боли варьируется от тупой, ноющей до острой, отдающей в правую лопаточную область, спину или плечо [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/). \n\n**Нередко сопровождаются**: \n* тошнотой и рвотой, не облегчающей состояние пациента [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/); \n* горьким привкусом во рту [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/); \n* вздутием живота [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/); \n* нарушением дефекации [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/); \n* снижением аппетита [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/); \n* желтушным окрашиванием кожи и слизистых — развивается при хроническом течении и указывает на вовлечение жёлчных путей [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/). \n\n**Наиболее тяжёлое проявление** — билиарная колика — внезапный приступ мучительной боли, длительностью от нескольких минут до нескольких часов [2](https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**Основной метод диагностики** — **УЗИ печени и жёлчного пузыря** [10](https://polyclinika.ru/tech/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn/)[12](https://www.PuchkovK.ru/obschaya-hirurgiya/jelchnokamennaya-bolezn/diagnostika-zhelchnokamennoy-bolezni/). Позволяет осмотреть все отделы жёлчного пузыря, оценить его форму, толщину и структуру стенок, характер содержимого, подтвердить наличие конкрементов, их количество, размер, расположение [12](https://www.PuchkovK.ru/obschaya-hirurgiya/jelchnokamennaya-bolezn/diagnostika-zhelchnokamennoy-bolezni/). \n\n**Если ультразвуковая картина недостаточно ясна**, используются КТ, МРТ или радиологическое исследование (сцинтиграфия) [10](https://polyclinika.ru/tech/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn/).\n\n## Лечение\n**При бессимптомном течении** заболевания требуется только динамическое наблюдение, организация правильного образа жизни и питания [13](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn/). **При наличии симптоматики** может быть выбрано консервативное или хирургическое лечение [13](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn/): \n* **Консервативная терапия** — медикаментозное растворение жёлчных камней (эффективна только если конкременты холестериновые, при пигментных камнях начало литолитической терапии противопоказано) [13](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn/). \n* **Хирургическое лечение** — в большинстве случаев при ЖКБ, протекающей с яркой клинической симптоматикой, рекомендуется холецистэктомия — операция по удалению жёлчного пузыря [13](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn/). \n\n**Лечением** заболевания занимается гастроэнтеролог [1](https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn)[13](https://www.smclinic.ru/diseases/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn","shownUrl":"https://www.smclinic-spb.ru/zabolevaniya/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn","title":"Желчекаменная болезнь - симптомы камней в желчном пузыре, диета, лечение","shortUrl":"smclinic-spb.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"smclinic-spb.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/","shownUrl":"https://mc21.ru/articles/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/","title":"Желчнокаменная болезнь (ЖКБ): симптомы, лечение, реабилитация","shortUrl":"mc21.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mc21.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://comfort.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn/","shownUrl":"https://comfort.sovamed.ru/zabolevaniya/zhelchnokamennaya-bolezn/","title":"Желчнокаменная болезнь (ЖКБ): причины, симптомы и лечение","shortUrl":"comfort.sovamed.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"comfort.sovamed.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://OpenClinics.ru/bolezni/zhelchekamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/","shownUrl":"https://OpenClinics.ru/bolezni/zhelchekamennaya-bolezn-zhkb/","title":"Желчекаменная болезнь: симптомы и лечение ЖКБ без операции. 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