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В большинстве случаев желтуха **физиологична** — нормальный процесс адаптации организма новорождённого [2](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/norma-bilirubina-u-novorozhdennykh-chto-vazhno-znat-roditelyam/). Однако иногда симптом сигнализирует о патологии [3](https://stolichki.ru/clubs/mother/health/zheltuha-novorozhdennyh-pochemu-u-mladencev-menyaetsya-cvet-kozhi).\n\n\n\n## Причины\n**Физиологическая желтуха** возникает из-за незрелости печени, которая не может сразу эффективно перерабатывать билирубин, и естественного распада эритроцитов [2](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/norma-bilirubina-u-novorozhdennykh-chto-vazhno-znat-roditelyam/)[6](https://www.NestleBaby.ru/articles/bilirubin-u-novorozdennykh). Появляется на 2–3-й день жизни, достигает пика к 3–5-му дню и обычно проходит к 7–10-му дню без лечения [2](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/norma-bilirubina-u-novorozhdennykh-chto-vazhno-znat-roditelyam/). \n\n**Патологическая желтуха** может быть вызвана заболеваниями или осложнениями [2](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/norma-bilirubina-u-novorozhdennykh-chto-vazhno-znat-roditelyam/). Некоторые причины: \n* **Гемолитическая болезнь новорождённых** — возникает при резус-конфликте или несовместимости по группе крови между матерью и ребёнком [2](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/norma-bilirubina-u-novorozhdennykh-chto-vazhno-znat-roditelyam/). Иммунная система матери разрушает эритроциты плода, что приводит к резкому повышению билирубина уже в первые сутки жизни [2](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/norma-bilirubina-u-novorozhdennykh-chto-vazhno-znat-roditelyam/). \n* **Инфекции** (врождённые или приобретённые) — цитомегаловирус, токсоплазмоз, сепсис и другие инфекции могут нарушать работу печени [2](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/norma-bilirubina-u-novorozhdennykh-chto-vazhno-znat-roditelyam/). \n* **Гипоксия (кислородное голодание) и родовые травмы** — приводят к усиленному распаду эритроцитов [2](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/norma-bilirubina-u-novorozhdennykh-chto-vazhno-znat-roditelyam/). \n* **Наследственные заболевания** — синдром Жильбера (сниженная активность ферментов печени), галактоземия, гипотиреоз — нарушают обмен веществ [2](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/norma-bilirubina-u-novorozhdennykh-chto-vazhno-znat-roditelyam/).\n\n## Симптомы\n**Основной симптом** — желтушность кожи, слизистых оболочек и белков глаз [11](https://nv-clinic.ru/disease/zheltukha/). Обычно в первую очередь желтеет лицо, по мере нарастания уровня билирубина в крови такую же окраску приобретает грудь, живот, ручки и ножки [11](https://nv-clinic.ru/disease/zheltukha/). \n\n**В зависимости от типа желтухи симптомы могут различаться** [4](https://mc21.ru/articles/zheltukha-u-detey/). Например: \n* **При гемолитической желтухе** — кожа приобретает бледно-жёлтый оттенок с лёгким лимонным отливом [4](https://mc21.ru/articles/zheltukha-u-detey/). \n* **При механической желтухе** — кожа приобретает зеленоватый или жёлто-серый оттенок, интенсивный зуд, боли в правом подреберье [4](https://mc21.ru/articles/zheltukha-u-detey/).\n\n## Диагностика\n**При изменении цвета кожи у новорождённого необходимо обратиться к педиатру** [10](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/zdorovyy-rebenok/zheltukha-u-detey-ot-mladentsev-do-podrostkov/)[11](https://nv-clinic.ru/disease/zheltukha/). Врач проведёт осмотр и направит на обследование [10](https://apteka.ru/blog/articles/zdorovyy-rebenok/zheltukha-u-detey-ot-mladentsev-do-podrostkov/). Могут назначить: \n* **Биохимический анализ крови на билирубин** — общий билирубин и прямой и непрямой билирубин [12](https://premium-clinic.ru/zheltuha-novorozhdennyh-kompleksnyy-analiz-etiologii-patogeneza-klinicheskoy-klassifikatsii-diagnostiki-i-terapevticheskih-strategiy/). \n* **Дополнительные исследования** (при патологической желтухе) — определение группы крови и резус-фактора матери и ребёнка, прямая проба Кумбса, общий анализ крови, УЗИ органов брюшной полости [12](https://premium-clinic.ru/zheltuha-novorozhdennyh-kompleksnyy-analiz-etiologii-patogeneza-klinicheskoy-klassifikatsii-diagnostiki-i-terapevticheskih-strategiy/).\n\n## Лечение\n**Физиологическая желтуха** в большинстве случаев не требует лечения — она исчезает в первые две недели и не приводит к осложнениям [6](https://www.NestleBaby.ru/articles/bilirubin-u-novorozdennykh). **Патологическая желтуха** требует незамедлительной терапии основного заболевания [15](https://navigator.mosgorzdrav.ru/article/zheltukha-novorozhdennykh/?sphrase_id=2180639). \n\n**Решение о лечении** принимает врач, учитывая вес, возраст и состояние ребёнка [2](https://lit-baby.ru/blog/norma-bilirubina-u-novorozhdennykh-chto-vazhno-znat-roditelyam/).","linksData":[{"sourceId":1,"url":"https://zs-mc.ru/articles/zheltushka-u-novorozhdennogo-chto-delat-i-kak-lechit","shownUrl":"https://zs-mc.ru/articles/zheltushka-u-novorozhdennogo-chto-delat-i-kak-lechit","title":"Желтуха новорождённых - причины, виды, симптомы, лечение","shortUrl":"zs-mc.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"zs-mc.ru"},{"sourceId":2,"url":"https://lit-baby.ru/blog/norma-bilirubina-u-novorozhdennykh-chto-vazhno-znat-roditelyam/","shownUrl":"https://lit-baby.ru/blog/norma-bilirubina-u-novorozhdennykh-chto-vazhno-znat-roditelyam/","title":"Норма билирубина у новорожденных: таблица по дням, причины и когда желтуха требует лечения","shortUrl":"lit-baby.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"lit-baby.ru"},{"sourceId":3,"url":"https://stolichki.ru/clubs/mother/health/zheltuha-novorozhdennyh-pochemu-u-mladencev-menyaetsya-cvet-kozhi","shownUrl":"https://stolichki.ru/clubs/mother/health/zheltuha-novorozhdennyh-pochemu-u-mladencev-menyaetsya-cvet-kozhi","title":"Желтуха новорожденных: причины, симптомы и последствия у детей","shortUrl":"stolichki.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"stolichki.ru"},{"sourceId":4,"url":"https://mc21.ru/articles/zheltukha-u-detey/","shownUrl":"https://mc21.ru/articles/zheltukha-u-detey/","title":"Желтуха у новорожденных и детей — причины, симптомы и лечение","shortUrl":"mc21.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"mc21.ru"},{"sourceId":5,"url":"https://detskiy-medcentr-spb.ru/disease/zheltukha-novorozhdennykh/","shownUrl":"https://detskiy-medcentr-spb.ru/disease/zheltukha-novorozhdennykh/","title":"Желтуха у новорожденных - причины, виды, симптомы, методы диагностики и лечения | СМ-Клиника","shortUrl":"detskiy-medcentr-spb.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"detskiy-medcentr-spb.ru"},{"sourceId":6,"url":"https://www.NestleBaby.ru/articles/bilirubin-u-novorozdennykh","shownUrl":"https://www.NestleBaby.ru/articles/bilirubin-u-novorozdennykh","title":"Билирубин у новорожденных: норма в крови и повышенные показатели, причины и последствия","shortUrl":"NestleBaby.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"NestleBaby.ru"},{"sourceId":7,"url":"https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/13_prichin_neonatalnoy_zheltukhi_u_novorozhdennogo/","shownUrl":"https://MedAboutMe.ru/articles/13_prichin_neonatalnoy_zheltukhi_u_novorozhdennogo/","title":"Почему новорожденный желтеет: причины желтушки у малышей | MedAboutMe","shortUrl":"MedAboutMe.ru","isTranslated":false,"description":"","greenUrl":"MedAboutMe.ru"},{"sourceId":8,"url":"https://OpenClinics.ru/bolezni/zheltuha/u-novorozhdennyh/","shownUrl":"https://OpenClinics.ru/bolezni/zheltuha/u-novorozhdennyh/","title":"Желтуха у новорожденных причины и последствия. 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