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Это нарушение не связано с проблемами слуха или интеллектуального развития [1](https://amakids.ru/about_us/blog/vospitanie-detej/pomosh-logopeda-pri-dislalii/). \n\nЧаще всего дислалия наблюдается у детей дошкольного возраста, чуть реже — у младших школьников [5](https://Pediatrya.ru/stati/515-dislaliya).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nВыделяют **механические (органические) и функциональные причины** дислалии [6](https://logopedus.ru/article/dislaliya-u-detey-doshkolnogo-vozrasta)[9](https://baby.onclinic.ru/articles/dislaliya-u-detey.html): \n* **Механические** — анатомические особенности артикуляционного аппарата, которые препятствуют правильному произношению звуков [9](https://baby.onclinic.ru/articles/dislaliya-u-detey.html). Например, аномалии строения языка (укороченная уздечка, чрезмерно большой или маленький язык), патологии губ (утолщённые или малоподвижные губы) [9](https://baby.onclinic.ru/articles/dislaliya-u-detey.html). \n* **Функциональные** — нарушения в работе центральной нервной системы или неблагоприятные социальные факторы при отсутствии видимых анатомических дефектов [9](https://baby.onclinic.ru/articles/dislaliya-u-detey.html). Например, моторная дислалия (нарушения в центральных отделах речедвигательного анализатора), сенсорная (нарушения в речеслуховом анализаторе) [9](https://baby.onclinic.ru/articles/dislaliya-u-detey.html).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые признаки дислалии: \n* **Замены звуков** — ребёнок произносит звуки вместо других [10](https://logopraktika.ru/blog/priznaki-dislalii-u-detej/). Например, букву «р» может заменять на «л», а «с» — на «ш» [10](https://logopraktika.ru/blog/priznaki-dislalii-u-detej/). \n* **Пропуски звуков** — в словах могут отсутствовать определённые звуки [10](https://logopraktika.ru/blog/priznaki-dislalii-u-detej/). Например, вместо слова «собака» ребёнок скажет «бака» [10](https://logopraktika.ru/blog/priznaki-dislalii-u-detej/). \n* **Искажения звуков** — некоторые звуки произносятся с искажением, не соответствующим нормам речи [10](https://logopraktika.ru/blog/priznaki-dislalii-u-detej/). Например, произнесение звука «к» как «г» или замена мягких звуков на твёрдые [10](https://logopraktika.ru/blog/priznaki-dislalii-u-detej/).\n\n## Диагностика\nЛогопед проводит комплексное обследование ребёнка, чтобы выявить все особенности речи: какие звуки нарушены, какова степень сложности дислалии, присутствуют ли дополнительные трудности (например, нарушение фонематического слуха или слабая моторика) [1](https://amakids.ru/about_us/blog/vospitanie-detej/pomosh-logopeda-pri-dislalii/). Диагностика включает беседу с ребёнком и специальные логопедические тесты [1](https://amakids.ru/about_us/blog/vospitanie-detej/pomosh-logopeda-pri-dislalii/).\n\n## Коррекция\nРабота с дислалией требует систематической работы под руководством логопеда [1](https://amakids.ru/about_us/blog/vospitanie-detej/pomosh-logopeda-pri-dislalii/). Некоторые этапы коррекции: \n* **Постановка звуков** — логопед работает над формированием правильного артикуляционного уклада, может включать упражнения для языка и губ, обучение правильному положению органов речи при произнесении звуков [1](https://amakids.ru/about_us/blog/vospitanie-detej/pomosh-logopeda-pri-dislalii/). \n* **Автоматизация звуков** — после того как звук правильно поставлен, его необходимо закрепить с помощью повторения звука в различных сочетаниях, словах и предложениях [1](https://amakids.ru/about_us/blog/vospitanie-detej/pomosh-logopeda-pri-dislalii/). \n* **Дифференциация звуков** — если ребёнок заменяет один звук на другой, логопед проводит работу по их дифференциации, чтобы ребёнок научился чётко различать и произносить оба звука [1](https://amakids.ru/about_us/blog/vospitanie-detej/pomosh-logopeda-pri-dislalii/). \n* **Коррекция фонематического слуха** — важно, чтобы ребёнок не только правильно произносил звуки, но и различал их на слух [1](https://amakids.ru/about_us/blog/vospitanie-detej/pomosh-logopeda-pri-dislalii/). \n\nКак правило, для полного устранения дислалии требуется от нескольких месяцев до года [1](https://amakids.ru/about_us/blog/vospitanie-detej/pomosh-logopeda-pri-dislalii/). 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