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Чаще всего проявляется у детей старше четырёхлетнего возраста, но может наблюдаться и у взрослых [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/enkoprez.html). \n\nВыделяют **органический** энкопрез, обусловленный аномалиями развития, травмами, поражением центральной или периферической нервной системы, и **функциональный** — не связан с анатомическими нарушениями, чаще возникает на фоне стресса, хронического запора или неправильных поведенческих установок [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/enkoprez.html).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины энкопреза: \n* **Повреждения анального сфинктера** — могут произойти в результате травм, хирургических вмешательств или родов [3](https://yourmed.clinic/services/proktologiya/enkoprez-nederzhanie-kala/). \n* **Хронические заболевания кишечника** — например, болезнь Крона или язвенный колит [3](https://yourmed.clinic/services/proktologiya/enkoprez-nederzhanie-kala/). \n* **Психологические проблемы** — психологические травмы, стресс или эмоциональные расстройства [3](https://yourmed.clinic/services/proktologiya/enkoprez-nederzhanie-kala/). \n* **Неврологические расстройства** — такие состояния, как инсульт, рассеянный склероз или повреждения спинного мозга [3](https://yourmed.clinic/services/proktologiya/enkoprez-nederzhanie-kala/).\n\n## Симптомы\nГлавный симптом — **недержание кала**, выражающееся в регулярном загрязнении нижнего белья, иногда без осознанного участия пациента [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/enkoprez.html). Это может происходить в дневное время или ночью [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/enkoprez.html). \n\nДругие признаки: \n* отсутствие выраженных позывов к дефекации [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/enkoprez.html); \n* раздражение кожи в области промежности [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/enkoprez.html); \n* эпизоды жидкого стула [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/enkoprez.html); \n* жалобы на вздутие живота [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/enkoprez.html); \n* задержка газов [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/enkoprez.html); \n* неприятный запах, сохраняющийся даже после гигиенических процедур [1](https://doct.ru/diseases/enkoprez.html).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностика энкопреза включает: \n* **Сбор анамнеза** — врач обращает внимание на частоту, характер и продолжительность проявлений недержания, а также их связь с другими состояниями [10](https://dmz-v.ru/branches/articles/enkoprez). \n* **Первичный осмотр** — могут быть выявлены признаки повреждений анального сфинктера или других заболеваний, связанных с функционированием кишечника [10](https://dmz-v.ru/branches/articles/enkoprez). \n* **Дополнительные обследования** — например, манометрия анального канала, ректоскопия или колоноскопия [10](https://dmz-v.ru/branches/articles/enkoprez).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение энкопреза зависит от его причин, степени тяжести заболевания и состояния пациента [10](https://dmz-v.ru/branches/articles/enkoprez). 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