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Это может произойти из-за заболеваний или негативного воздействия вредных агентов [2](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/pechyenochnaya-nedostatochnost/)[4](https://xn--d1abuo3e.xn--p1ai/diseases/pechenochnaya-nedostatochnost/). \n\nВыделяют два типа печёночной недостаточности [5](https://kdl.ru/patient/blog/pechenochnaya-nedostatochnosti): \n1. **Острая** — быстрое ухудшение функции печени, часто в течение нескольких дней или недель [5](https://kdl.ru/patient/blog/pechenochnaya-nedostatochnosti). \n2. **Хроническая** — постепенное ухудшение функции печени, развивающееся на протяжении нескольких месяцев или лет [5](https://kdl.ru/patient/blog/pechenochnaya-nedostatochnosti).\n\n\n\n## Причины\nНекоторые причины печёночной недостаточности: \n* **Вирусные гепатиты** (особенно B и C) — длительное воспаление приводит к замещению клеток печени рубцовой тканью [2](https://gemotest.ru/info/spravochnik/zabolevaniya/pechyenochnaya-nedostatochnost/)[6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/). \n* **Злоупотребление алкоголем** — регулярное употребление спиртных напитков вызывает воспаление, накопление жира, разрушение клеток печени и замену на рубцовую ткань (цирроз) [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/). \n* **Некоторые лекарства и токсины** — передозировка препаратов, отравление ядовитыми грибами, промышленными химикатами [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/). \n* **Нарушения обмена веществ** — наследственные болезни, при которых в печени накапливаются вредные вещества (например, гемохроматоз — избыток железа, болезнь Вильсона — избыток меди) [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/). \n* **Аутоиммунные заболевания** — иммунная система организма ошибочно атакует клетки печени, вызывает хроническое воспаление [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/).\n\n## Симптомы\nНекоторые симптомы печёночной недостаточности: \n* постоянная усталость и слабость, чувство сильной утомляемости даже после отдыха [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/); \n* тошнота, иногда рвота [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/); \n* потеря аппетита [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/); \n* снижение веса [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/); \n* тяжесть, боль или дискомфорт в правом подреберье или в верхней части живота [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/); \n* диарея или запоры [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/). \n\nПо мере прогрессирования появляются другие симптомы: желтуха (пожелтение кожи и белков глаз), потемнение мочи, осветление стула, кожный зуд [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/). При тяжёлой форме печёночной недостаточности могут появляться кровотечения, судороги, потеря сознания [1](https://gutaclinic.ru/articles/priznaki-pechenochnoy-nedostatochnosti/).\n\n## Диагностика\nДиагностикой печёночной недостаточности занимается терапевт или гастроэнтеролог [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/). Для подтверждения диагноза назначают различные лабораторные и инструментальные исследования [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/). Например: \n* **Анализы крови (печёночные пробы)** — основной инструмент для оценки функции печени [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/). Анализируют уровни билирубина, АЛТ, АСТ, щелочной фосфатазы, альбумина и других показателей [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/). \n* **Ультразвуковое исследование органов брюшной полости** — позволяет оценить размеры, структуру печени, увидеть признаки цирроза, жировой болезни, опухолей, наличие жидкости в животе (асцита) и состояние кровотока в сосудах печени [6](https://www.fdoctor.ru/bolezn/pechenochnaya_nedostatochnost/).\n\n## Лечение\nЛечение печёночной недостаточности зависит от её причины, степени тяжести и наличия сопутствующих заболеваний [13](https://premium-clinic.ru/metody-lecheniya-pechyonochnoy-nedostatochnosti/). Некоторые методы лечения: \n* **Устранение причин** — например, противовирусная терапия при вирусных гепатитах, отказ от алкоголя при алкогольном поражении печени [13](https://premium-clinic.ru/metody-lecheniya-pechyonochnoy-nedostatochnosti/). \n* **Поддерживающая терапия** — направлена на облегчение симптомов и поддержку функций печени [13](https://premium-clinic.ru/metody-lecheniya-pechyonochnoy-nedostatochnosti/). 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